Eruptions

Repairing after eruption: the Waimangu Valley and Mt. Tarawera

Posted by Erik Klemetti on January 19, 2009
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tarawera-2009

One of the more impressive areas I visited while in New Zealand was the Waimangu Valley near Mt. Tarawera (above). The valley itself was created by blast explosions (phreatic explosions) during the 1886 eruption of Mt. Tarawera. These eruptions cut right down the axis of the rhyolite domes (most of which erupted ~1305 A.D.) and extended off the volcanic edifice to form the valley to the west of the volcano. In the valley, no juvenile lava was erupted, instead explosions carved out large pits that formed the Waimangu Valley and today the valley is filled with lakes and thermal features (below).

waimangu-steam

The 1886 eruption at Tarawera was not large by any means, erupting only ~0.7 cubic kilometers of basalt (compare that with the 1305 Kaharoa Rhyolite from Tarawera that erupted 5 cubic kilometers). However, hundreds of Maori villagers died during the eruption and basaltic tephra can be found all over the area north of Tarawera into the Bay of Plenty. Yet, only about a century later, most of the destruction caused by the eruption has been erased by vegetation. Compare the photo of the valley just after the eruption (top) to the one I took in January of 2009 (bottom) to see how things have recovered.

whaimangu-valley-1886

Waimangu Valley, 1886

whaimangu-valley-2009

Waimangu Valley, 2009

Volcanoes are truly destructive, but still just a flash in the pan for most earth processes.

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Comments

  1. #1 Bruce
    January 20, 2009

    The scale of destruction from the 1883 eruption is pretty awesome as it was really just tiny compared with the numerous other eruptions that have occured in the area. I often imagine something similarly “small” happening under Taupo and the huge flood it would cause down the Waikato. Ok Taupo might be all tuckered out after AD 181 but it has had 27 eruptions in the last 27,000 years… doesn’t bear thinking about.

  2. #2 Bruce
    January 21, 2009

    BTW I remember reading an eye witness account of the eruption held at the local library where he described large bubbles of volcanic glass floating down into town (Rotorua) and gently going ping as they broke upon impact.. kind of cool

  3. #3 Robyn Parkin
    January 6, 2010

    You’re slightly inaccurate here. The official death toll for the eruption is 153, although modern reassessments and tracing family members puts the toll more like 120.

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