Eruptions

Lava flows: You can’t stop them, you can only hope to contain them

Posted by Erik Klemetti on July 28, 2010
(105)
More »


Lava flows from Kilauea in Hawai`i move towards a home in Kalapana.

Whenever I think about the hazards posed by most lava flows, I tend to think about the opening scene in the Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. Developers are planning to knock our hero Arthur Dent’s house down and as a last ditch effort to stop its destruction, Arthur lies down in front of the bulldozer. The demolition supervisor, a certain Mr. Prosser, at one point asks Arthur if he knows how much damage the bulldozer might suffer if he just lets it roll over poor Mr. Dent. Arthur says he doesn’t know and Mr. Prosser replies “none at all.”

That is, in a nutshell, the hazard of lava flows. They can take out almost anything in their path, but really, you need to pull an Arthur Dent in most cases to put your life at risk*. Lava with low silica like a basalt will usually flow in one of two styles: runny pahoehoe and rubbly a’a. Whether you get pahoehoe or a’a is controlled by a number of factors including temperature of the lava, crystallinity, gas content, slope of the land surface (along with some other more minor factors), but even in its runny form (video), the pahoehoe, lava flows usually don’t move too quickly – kilometers per hour at the fastest, more like meters to hundreds of meters per hour – and you can comfortably get out of the way. When they can become hazardous is when they are allowed to stay hot, either by traveling through a lava tube system underground (rock is a great thermal insulator) or by storing the lava in a lava lake and catastrophically releasing it (*such as what happened at Nyiragongo in 1977, killing over 1,000 people).

However, most of the time, lava flows are just destructive to property and plant life – slowly rumbling across the landscape like Mr. Prosser’s bulldozer. A’a lava flows move like giant tank treads (video), with the main body of the flow overrunning the cooling nose, pushing that material underneath the lava flow. You can get lava flows of more silicic compositions, such as an andesite or rhyodacite, that have flow fronts that are tens to hundred meters tall, so if you can imagine a wall of hot rock 50 meters tall rumbling towards your home at a few meters a day, well, that is what some lava flows hazards are like. In Hawai`i, the pahoehoe and a’a lavas can easily inundate homes and infrastructure – as has been happening this week in the Kalapana subdivision on the slopes of Kilauea. There is little that can be done if a large lava flow heads into town – just hope that the flows misses your home so you can salvage what is left. If not, the lava flow will likely slowly engulf the home, crushing it and burning the remains.

So, not much can be done to stop a lava flow. There were attempts in the 1930-40s to bomb lava flows in Hawai`i to divert them or stop the flow, but that was, not surprisingly, unsuccessful. In very rare cases, lava flows have been diverted by setting up barriers, such as was done around Etna in Italy, or by pumping millions of liters of seawater on the lava flow to cool the flow front and change the direction of flow like was successfully done at Heimay in Iceland. However, beyond this, lava flows can be one of the most costly volcanic hazards in terms of property damage – not only will they destroy your home, but it will be buried and capped by hardened lava, so even soils take decades to recover. Yet, people still choose to build their homes on the slopes of Kilauea, knowing full well that the land they build on was once an active lava flow and more likely than not, these lava will return again to add to the Big Island.

Keywords: , , , , , , , , , ,
(105)
More »

Comments

  1. #1 EKoh
    July 28, 2010

    I would still live on the Big Island if I could, though not in Kalapana. Of course if you look at a map of the island you realize that there are few places truly out of reach of flows, particularly from Mauna Loa.
    I’m surprised that no kook has suggested using a nuke to stop Kilauea. Not only did we have repeated calls from some who should no better to nuke the spewing well in the Gulf, but also a suggestion to nuke the oil shales to cook the kerogen to crude and release it. Ok that came from James R. Schlesinger, Nixon’s defense secretary and Carter’s Energy Sec, so I guess he would think along those lines!
    Now I suppose someone will dig up such a suggestion..

  2. #2 Erik Klemetti
    July 28, 2010

    Oh yeah, I’m not saying you shouldn’t live on the Big Island, you just need to be aware that lava flows are going to happen in many places.

  3. #3 EKoh
    July 28, 2010

    meant “know better” of course, not “no better”. Ughh

  4. #4 doug mcl
    July 28, 2010

    Do you know if anyone has tried to creat a “lava proof” structure? In essence, building something above ground that would transition into below-grade (dugout) and then finally into a cave if there are sufficient and deep enough successive flows. This would be an interesting engineering problem, considering the heat and weight of the lava, and then figuring out the systems issues (water, etc) once it is cool enough to live in. But if it worked, you could redevelop the gardens as sort of a Hawaiin Hobbit community (Kalapana shire?) which might have a couple of nice B&Bs for the more serious volcano enthusiasts. Afterall, they make a good business out of ice-hotels in Finland. A lava-tube inn on the big island might be hot prospect!

  5. #5 stigger
    July 28, 2010

    Oil slicks and inappropriate bombing; In 1967 the Torrey Canyon oil tanker (owned by Union Oil and leased to BP) went aground off the coast of Cornwall, UK. It was an environmental disaster killing and damaging much wildlife.

    In an effort to disperse the slick, very strong detergents were initially used, then escalation to setting it on fire, and finally, bombing the slick in the vain hope of removing it. Eventually, they used Napalm.

    Environmental management has changed somewhat!

    The recent BP slick and your comments on bombing lava flows brought back strong memories of scraping oil off my legs during that summer on the Cornish beaches, whilst watching various planes line up in the sky begin their bombing runs.
    More here: http://www.axfordsabode.org.uk/torreycn.htm

  6. #6 GT McCoy
    July 28, 2010

    Any time you live close to nature Volcanoes, Wildfire,
    Earthquakes,etc. You have pretty good chance of dealing with
    it. When I sold Real Estate on Oregon’s south coast there was
    a development that got around the local land use laws.
    as you drove through it you looked UP on the sand dune and saw
    driftwood. Now logic would say:”The Ocean has been there at
    some time in the reasonably recent past.” This was not missed on my Client who declined to buy….

  7. #7 Omega Centauri
    July 28, 2010

    I would think that maybe a flow like that shown in Kalapana could be diverted. It looks less than a meter thick, so maybe some prepositioned berms would do the trick? Also could you make a berm out of the flow by pouring water on it? What if the house was built on fireproof stilts, could it survive a flow going under it?

    Of course your house surviving isn’t always a good thing. I saw something about a guy whose house miraculously survived a previous flow, when all his neighbors were destroyed. It seemed initially like great luck, but he couldn’t get an insurance settlement, and the house was now stranded without water, utilities, or road access.

  8. #8 Passerby
    July 28, 2010

    Flows are too viscous (but surprisingly fast moving) for diversion. I am perplexed that moving the houses wasn’t considered as an option – it’s not rocket science. State government should be proactive along with insurance companies, as the state and county allowed the building of permitted homes in this subdivision, despite the risks.

  9. #9 MadScientist
    July 28, 2010

    Multiply the population by a large number and change “Kilauea” to “Sicily” … or if you insist on something with that ‘K’ sound, Catania. Anyone have a photo of that old cathedral in Catania which is mostly buried by a lava flow?

  10. #10 Henrik, Swe
    July 29, 2010

    Passerby, #8: “State government should be proactive along with insurance companies, as the state and county allowed the building of permitted homes in this subdivision, despite the risks.”

    Why? If the State of Hawaii was proactive, nothing would be built at all on the main island because of the potential hazards. If the States of California, Oregon and Washington were proactive re potential hazards, none would be allowed to live in those states.

    But perhaps I read you wrong? Possibly what you meant was that State and Insurance companies have to inform people that, certainly, they can build their dream homes, BUT there will be no insurance and in the case of an emergency, they foot any kind of rescue at 100% themselves.

    When it comes to hazardous industry such as oil refineries, fireworks factories, paint manufactures etc that in case of accident or disruption cause risk for third parties, I’m sure we’re in agreement as to the role played by government.

  11. #11 Boris Behncke, Catania, Italy
    July 29, 2010

    @MadScientist #9, I do have photos of the old cathedral of Misterbianco, a town near Catania on the south flank of Etna, which was half buried by the lava flow of 1669:

    http://www.flickr.com/photos/etnaboris/3122567851/

    As you will note the ruin of the Misterbianco cathedral has been once more destroyed by human activity (or the lack thereof), in recent years.

    Catania itself was never totally destroyed by a lava flows, even the one of 1669 was largely deflected by the city walls and only a small portion of the city was destroyed. The cathedral of Catania survived, as is well illustrated in a beautiful fresco (which is, indeed in the cathedral):

    http://www.flickr.com/photos/etnaboris/520372570/

    But 24 years after the eruption, in 1693, a disastrous earthquake wrecked Catania and along with it most towns and villages in southeast Sicily.

    One particular attraction, though it is poorly known to outsiders, is a restaurant near the harbor of Catania, where you can descend a staircase down into the 1669 lava flow and see the remains of a road and of buildings below the lava, which once stood near the city walls of Catania. There is a little subterranean river flowing as well, and you can sit on a table and have dinner in this unique setting, which I believe is unparalleled in the world.

    As for the risk of lava flows of Etna inundating Catania, I think no lava will easily reach the center of the city because of the tremendous quantity of multistorey reinforced concrete buildings in the periphery of the town – these would provide significant obstacles to a lava flow and certainly slow its advance. Although Catania is suffering from neglect by its own people and administration and would become a heap of debris in case of a magnitude 7 earthquake (like 1693), it is not Goma (the big city invaded by lava flows from Nyiragongo in Congo in 2002), where most buildings were much smaller and less closely spaced than in Catania.

    I am certainly worried for many of the smaller towns around Etna, which are much closer to the sites where lava could issue during flank eruptions, and which would offer less resistance than the vast amount of large, and relatively robust buildings surrounding Catania.

  12. #12 Alyson
    July 29, 2010

    The difference I see between the houses close to Kilauea and what I remember about old houses in Sicily near Etana, is that the house in the picture above, which is about to go up in flames is a light-weight wooden structure, whereas old buildings in Sicily are often built with very thick walls in towns which have stood for centuries.
    Oh dear, I sound like I am suggesting that one is less valuable than the other! It is sad for anyone losing their home but especially when they cannot rebuild easily nearby due to lack of land or finance. Haiti is a point in question at present. How do nations rebuild after a national geological event affecting so many? Is there an example of an area which has responded quickly and positively after such an event?

  13. #13 parclair NoCal USA
    July 29, 2010

    A year or two ago, while in Hawaii, we took a drive through the Kalapana subdivision. We had to drive through it on our way to see the lava pouring out of a tube and into the ocean.

    In the older flow areas, they had already paved a main road, with intersections and street signs, where the old development had been! It was eerie to see where the old streets had been in a featureless plane. In one place, near the current flow, someone had rebuilt already, about a half-mile off the street! We had to walk across the pahoehoe and aa to get to the ocean’s edge, and wondered HOW they had been able to get the materiels for a new house across the lava field. People love that area….

  14. #14 Thomas Wipf
    July 29, 2010

    OTP Wow. Never expected to read about Douglas Adams in this blog. He wrote so funny books and introduced me to british humour. He was a link to Monthy Puython and many othere great english comedians like Spike Milligan, Peter Sellers … Unfortunately: No extraterrestrian volcano-activity was mentioned in his books The Hitch Hikers Guide of the Galaxy.

  15. #15 Passerby
    July 29, 2010

    The Smell of Money

    USGS Article: Living on Active Volcanos (1997)
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs074-97/

    Note the map of hazard zones.

    The original Kalapana Gardens (also called Kalapana Vacation Homes, when first developed in 1960), decimated by repeated flows between 1983-1990.

    http://www.hawaiiweb.com/hawaii/html/sites/kalapana.html

    By 2007, the land, covered in flows tens of feet deep, was being resold. The IDIOT state of Hawaii allowed the original landowners to retain property rights, waved or reduced taxes. They had been pressured by landowners and property development interests to retain the land in private hands, rather than to add it to the National Parks volcano reserve land holdings. Rebuilding in the Gardens started as early 2005, less than 15 years after the flows had completely inundated the area and surged into an adjacent planned development as well.

    The home that went up in 2005 seemed to reassure developers and property owners that their once valuable land could be reclaimed.

    Dumber and dumber.

    Righto. In 2007, this article documents the resurgence of activity nearby and warnings issues by the USGS and State regarding risks to redevelopment.

    Will Pele determine the future re-development of Kalapana?
    http://truealoha.com/blog/2007/07/30/will-pele-determine-the-future-re-development-of-kalapana/

    Recreating Kalapana Gardens: article on resurveying and laying down roads for redevelopement of land said to be valued at more than $10,000 an acre – even when it’s only 5 miles from the worlds most active volcano.

    Recreating Kalapana Gardens:
    Article boasting about the satisfying work of redeveloping the lava flows for new homes.
    http://www.pobonline.com/Articles/Article_Rotation/BNP_GUID_9-5-2006_A_10000000000000195221

    By the start of this year, 35 homes, housing 70 induhviduals, had been built in Kalapana Gardens.

    Lava stops flowing toward homes at Kalapana Gardens Subdivision. News article from earlier this week.
    http://www.khon2.com/news/local/story/Lava-stops-flowing-toward-homes-at-Kalapana/RJRXDP7u2EC5iE8cCy5cog.cspx

    This loops us back to the point of Eriks blog entry yesterday.

    Gary’s lightweight wood home *could* have been moved after 2008 – when a large road, suitable for heavy truck traffic needed for redevelopment had been laid and before the new flows started that blocked off road access.

    But the rub is that Gary was the straw man, the risk-taker who built that first house in 2005, on the lava flows covering the old Kalapana Gardens.

  16. #16 Passerby
    July 29, 2010

    At the bottom of the boastful article on redeveloping Kalapana Gardens, we have the name of the person who represented the original home owners and helped push the recovery effort.

    His was the house left standing from the 1990 lava flow.

    As Lava Entombs Their Village, the People of Kalapana Accept Madame Pele’s Fiery Verdict.
    http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20117695,00.html

    Don was told by insurers that his policy wouldn’t pay unless the home was incinerated by lava flows, as it was cut off from utilities. So you can see that Don would have a vested interest in promoting redevelopment of Kalapana Gardens.

    From the article, and the mouth of the developer, who bought and sold property in Kalapan Gardens and who witnessed the destruction from her home in California, and who would also have considerable business interest in seeing Kalapana Gardens property values rise again:

    ‘Ruth Duff saw one of her two doomed Kalapana houses go up in flames on the evening news when she was in California. “There were no guarantees that a volcano wouldn’t happen,” says Duff, who developed Kalapana Gardens with her late husband in 1967 and has bought and sold property there ever since. “But I never dreamed it would, or I wouldn’t have bought back lots like I did.” The banks were more mindful of the danger; they refused to write mortgages on homes in the development. “Everybody in there paid out of pocket,” Duff says. “And nobody went in blindfolded.” Still, the possibility that she might somehow be responsible for the trouble makes her a trifle uneasy.’

    Again, you can see why the original property owners were loath to give up access to once valuable and much sought after land in Paradise, right next door to Lava Hell.

  17. #17 MadScientist
    July 29, 2010

    @Boris: Thanks for the links. I may have to visit that cathedral in Catania if I ever find myself in Sicily again. That fresco would be one of the few things that would attract me to a cathedral. I stood on Monti Rossi, ignorant of the role it played.

  18. #18 Lurking
    July 29, 2010

    Ref [15], not at anyone in particular.

    In 1559 Tristán de Luna y Arellano landed in what was to become Pensacola Florida. This pre-dates St. Augustine by six years, and would make it the oldest city in the US if it had not been for the idiocy of Tristán de Luna. Rather than offload his ships and getting to work with getting the colony going, he felt time was better served traipsing off into the woods after the native Panzacola tribe and poking around for whatever else he could find.

    On September 19, 1559, his fleet, still sitting in the harbor with all his stores, was wiped out by a Hurricane.

    Since then Pensacola, like most gulf of Mexico cities and ports, catches one every few years or so.

    But that doesn’t stop the developers from building on “barrier islands.” Barrier islands are essentially, semi-permanent over sized sand bars. They migrate up and down the coastline over the centuries. But idiots still build on them, and insurance companies pay to have the structures re-built, and charge all the residents higher rates, even those who have the common sense to not build on a sand bar.

    I would go on, but it’s already OT, and I can’t really add more without risking profanity.

  19. #19 Passerby
    July 30, 2010

    Red Hot Deja-vu.

    Blog article, posted yesterday, comparing the Kilauea flows of 1990 and 2010 at Kalapana Gardens. USGS map with annotated photos.

    hawaiianlavadaily.blogspot.com/2010/07/2010-kalapana-gardens-lava-flow-has.html

    NPS graphic perspective of Volcano National Park.
    http://www.nature.nps.gov/air/webcams/parks/havoso2alert/havosummitlocation.cfm

  20. #20 air max nike
    September 6, 2010

    Que bela ideia. Tenho sempre a tentação de comprar grandes fatias de melancia quando lá em casa só eu a aprecio. Aqui está uma bela sugestão: em formas individuais dá uma excelente sobremesa para mim…
    Beijinhos e uma boa semana

  21. #21 Golf
    September 21, 2010

    In correlated reports, a cheetah would not cheat on his spouse, but a Mr. Woods Wooden.

  22. #22 fashion merchandising
    October 1, 2010

    As a member of your fashion marketplace, I salute you. I’ve often been in appreciate with fashion all my life so I’ve produced a discussion board for business experts to come together and discuss all things fashion. I enjoy this site and will be coming back again.

  23. #23 Lavatic
    October 19, 2010

    Aloha! I’m a security guard at the Kalapana flow (under county contract). As an update, we’ve had 2 major breakouts in the same area since Gary’s house was destroyed, September 26 as I recall and October 15th (crossing onto Jean’s noni farm on the 16th, before redirecting to the road.) Asphalt fires are noxious to deal with.

    So let’s talk lava prevention. Lava’s all about least resistance. As the author stated, it’s possible to channel lava, but in many cases the sheer density of solidifying pahoehoe would typically fill said ditch. Down here we’d have to dynamite a strategic path since we’re a layer-cake of basalt. Walls often fail because the edge of the flow, which may snake along at 1/2 ft to 3 ft deep, quickly stacks up into 8 to 10 to even 20ft hills, pouring over defenses. Both, techniques, along with spraying it with hoses, buys some time, if you’re trying to wait out a small breakout. The crack in the tube last weekend poured a 300 yard stretch over a course of 3 days before stopping of its own accord. If, however, you’re dealing with a large flow, like the one at Gary’s house, which was finding its way to the ocean, you’re pretty much screwed.

    So Douglas Adams Fans, lets get sci fi. You could bomb open a massive trench, but you can’t tell how much mass to expect, or how long it will continue. We had a lava tube last year the size of a four car highway gushing at 48 mph. A formidable force, to predict. So what about a really really big wall? You need to embed it in the same trench you built earlier, and even then it probably wouldn’t work. Under pressure, lava will just pick up and move your wall. Last weekend I saw the lava lift and shove a rock outcrop about ten feet onto the road (over a course of five hours) because it was in the way.

    You could build on high ground, atop a hill, in the middle of a flat field. Evidence of this can be found in the Kapoho a’a fields, where you still have areas of pristine jungle stacked atop cinder cones spared from the 1960 eruption. Of course, this trick only works so many times, stacking higher and higher until your hill is no longer a hill. Not to mention the fact you wouldn’t be able to access your house until it was over.

    As for a heat resistant house? If you had a composite that could survive that sort of temperature, you’d need a chimney like entrance sticking straight up in the air since you have no clue how deep you’ll be buried. You’d also have to anchor this super-strong house in such a way that the lava couldn’t roll it.

    Best way to live on a lava flow? Trailer.

  24. #24 Alvaro Breon
    December 16, 2010

    You are a very intelligent person!

  25. #25 Spirulina
    January 13, 2011

    Nice article. Can you add anything new about it. Hoe there will be second part

  26. #26 island water sports
    January 16, 2011

    I merely wish there has been more goodies on the internet today, thanks and can God Bless…

  27. #27 Quinn Michioka
    January 22, 2011

    smashing the nail on the head!

  28. #28 xoom accessories
    January 25, 2011

    I’d like to visit your blog extra typically however recently it seems to be taking perpetually to come up. I go to from work, and our connection there may be fairly good. Do you suppose the issue might be in your end?

  29. #29 website design
    January 25, 2011

    As a Webmaster, I don’t bring into the world as powerful a nave on any of these areas, but sort of assign a drawing of my time doing all three. About 20% of my time is spent maintaining the existing site. New offers are active up all the epoch, the nave of the milieu is rethought, improved graphics are created which press for changes to multiple parts of the site. Someone needs to accept a upstanding conviction of where the neighbourhood is prevailing, and what items applicable where.

  30. #30 naruto
    January 26, 2011

    Great tips ! really i am enjoying reading your blog ! it’s a lot of information i wouldnt know !

  31. #31 egipt
    February 8, 2011

    Awesome post I bookmared it on Delicious and submitted on Digg! Hopefully it sends more people your way:)

  32. #32 Carrie Smillie
    April 6, 2011

    Thanks for posting. Good to see that not everyone is using RSS feeds to build their blogs ;)

  33. #33 Maye Freddrick
    April 9, 2011

    I just read an article about Robert Pattinson,check this out “Robert Pattinson Can’t Maintain His Great six pack abs!Although he’s determined to have the same buff body in Breaking Dawn, he’s finding it somewhat difficult. In his interview with Entertainment Weekly he said that when he first started getting fit all he might take into consideration was keeping it up so that he’ll stay looking buff in his new film projects”.I feel he’ll still look great

  34. #34 Shantae Ludgate
    April 11, 2011

    I just read an article about Robert Pattinson,check this out “Robert Pattinson Can’t Maintain His Great six pack abs!Although he’s determined to have the same buff body in Breaking Dawn, he’s finding it somewhat difficult. In his interview with Entertainment Weekly he said that when he first started getting fit all he might take into consideration was keeping it up so that he’ll stay looking buff in his new film projects”.I feel he’ll still look great

  35. #35 Rebecca
    April 15, 2011

    I wasn’t heading to comment as this was written not long ago, but as We’ve just go through it a second time, I thought I express gratitude for this excellent write-up.

  36. #36 Jake Norrington
    April 19, 2011

    Oh my god! I needed this all along.

  37. #37 Charmed Spells
    April 26, 2011

    You want your lover back? You long for someone to love you? You want to improve your sex life? You need a curse or a hex to be removed? No matter what your situation is, I have the right solution for you! My love spells have fast, powerful and guaranteed results! I will cast your spell within 24 hours. Contact me now before it?s too late! First consultation is free! Guaranteed money spells
    blackmagicspells.co.cc or 0044 7017450013

  38. #38 Katherin Disher
    May 5, 2011

    Wow! I’ve got to say, your blog needs to be one of the greatest written blogs we have viewed inside a while.Some tips i wouldn’t get for be capable to create posts that will be as fascinating| as yours. Perhaps I’ll have to please read on yours and pray that some day I’ll write for a subject with all the knowledge as you’ve! Bravo!!

  39. #39 earthquake in america 2011
    May 7, 2011

    The Japanese earthquake tends to make our blood operate cold for the devastation… but what does it train us about our potential for a “situation” where we live? This article addresses a niche knowledge that you will not discover everywhere else and is of excessive significance. Keep in mind as you study this guide that it focuses on defending, preserving and saving home that is historically, financially and emotional essential to households and firms. We do not write about wellbeing and security challenges, developing structural complications, economic matters, and many others.

  40. #40 burn body fat fast metabolism
    May 7, 2011

    Most people live near coasts. My plan is to build whole towns (but perhaps starting with just novelty tourist shops and cafes) on floating pontoons with some sort of hydraulic pistons fixed to both the pontoon and the sea or river bed. As the tide rises and falls (a distance of around two metres where I live) a constant flow of high pressure water would be forced through a turbine to supply power to the buildings on the pontoon.I believe such things have been tried before and it turns out to be extremely difficult to build sufficiently robust hardware. But still, it should work in theory. I think.

  41. #41 ZulaDeshpande
    May 7, 2011

    automoyive, marine,domestic and aviation.NON Toxic Ecofriendly.

  42. #42 Funny Warning Stickers
    May 9, 2011

    It sounds as if you insert a heap of effort and hard work inside a posting together with I need a lot more of on the net as of late. I truly got some sort of shift through the blog post. My partner and i do not have a couple so that you can to talk about in reply, As i simply planned to make an account to speak about wonderful get the job done.

  43. #43 Paketresorna
    May 12, 2011

    excellent article about, but! i do not strive to be so negative but i do believe your web page could look a little better if you had a little bit of black on it :) No, you don’t have to agree… that is only my humble view. Thanks to the excellent post anyway! ;) Sincerely, Paketresorna

  44. #44 Michal Fagan
    June 4, 2011

    Pretty much. I don’t really know how something could embody dubstep much more to me…plodding, spacious, inventive, half step 140 bpm electronic music…I mean, im sure james blake didnt sit down and say “im going to make a dubstep track!” but the framework he used is based around it. I mean, I would pose the question “what would you call it?” if it wasn’t the most self-destructive sentence in music.

  45. #45 Kip Fansher
    June 6, 2011

    Reminds of of the saying – I want to die peacefully in my sleep, like my grandfather.. Not screaming and yelling like the passengers in his car.

  46. #46 Tiffiny Kehm
    June 6, 2011

    I enjoy your texts greatly. For this reason I wish to utilize them in my paper, should it be ok for you. I am interesting in that topic. Please, say YES. I warmly appreciate it.

  47. #47 Heathcliff Barker
    June 12, 2011

    I intended in order to write you this specific tiny remark so that you can thank you the second again over the precious concepts you’ve got shared above. This is certainly really wonderfully open-handed by using people like you to provide openly just how many individuals likely have offered for sale as an electronic book to assist make some bucks for their own end, even more so since you might very well have tried it any time you desired. Those suggestions also worked to be a powerful way to comprehend most people have a similar fervor much like mine figure out a whole lot more when it comes this matter. I am certain there are millions of more pleasurable moments later on for folks whom scan your weblog.

  48. #48 Samsung galaxy mini
    June 17, 2011

    I have seen that sensible real estate agents everywhere you go are warming up to FSBO Marketing. They are seeing that it’s more than simply placing a sign in the front property. It’s really about building connections with these dealers who at some point will become purchasers. So, while you give your time and energy to aiding these traders go it alone : the “Law connected with Reciprocity” kicks in. Good blog post.

  49. #49 Your Great Motors
    June 19, 2011

    hi you guys, I was just checkin out this blog and I really love the basis of the article, and have nothing to do, so if anyone wants to have an engaging chat about it, please contact me on facebook, my name is jack smith

  50. #50 Bradford Orzechowski
    June 21, 2011

    Hi I wish to to share a remark here concerning you to definitely have the ability to let you know simply how much i personally Loved this study. I have to elope to aTurkey Day Dinner but wanted to leave you an easy comment. We saved you So will be returning following function to read more of yer quality articles. Keep up the quality work.

  51. #51 homeowner loan
    June 30, 2011

    This is really interesting, You’re a very skilled blogger. I’ve joined your rss feed and look forward to seeking more of your magnificent post. Also, I have shared your site in my social networks!

  52. #52 portes sectionnelles pages jaunes
    June 30, 2011

    Hola Guru, lo que atraer a publicar un artículo. Este artículo fue muy interesante, sobre todo desde que era la búsqueda de ideas sobre este tema el pasado jueves.

  53. #53 mtb videos
    July 5, 2011

    Good stuff on here, is there a feed?

  54. #54 barriles
    August 1, 2011

    I praise you a lot for providing this!

  55. #55 mangobingo
    August 7, 2011

    If anybody’s still reading the comments – do people anywhere live in lava tubes? Not like that woman who was living rough in one in Hawaii a couple of years ago, but like actually converting them into houses. What do they have to do to make them habitable? Just been reading a bit about underground homes around the world – cave houses seem surprisingly popular, so why not lava tubes, eh?

  56. #56 Stanley Thaggard
    August 7, 2011

    Imagine the power this returns to the middle class, to hard-working, productive Americans. So get off the One man, one vote deceit imposed by the Supreme Court because of Marxist/Progressive theory

  57. #57 satellite tv on pc
    August 12, 2011

    no clue but hey..

  58. #58 John Car Accident Lawyer
    August 13, 2011

    Sorry if this is a repost. I didn’t see my last post go up? Anyways, hope those homeowners in the lava path were long gone lol. Good luck on the new blog, good health and avoid da lawsuits!

  59. #59 Raymond Vigiano
    August 14, 2011

    While I are inclined to agree with the post We strongly think that this has turn into too intricate for the person with average skills. Just like any major problem, however you must perform due diligence plus research this stuff before making any committment or forward movement. To do if not would be periless.

  60. #60 Evangeline Kreck
    August 17, 2011

    I’m not an expert, but I think you just made the best point. You obviously know a lot about what youre talking about. Thank you for being so upfront and so honest about the subject matter. I really feel like I have a better understanding now.

  61. #61 Ozoderm
    August 18, 2011

    You could build on high ground, atop a hill, in the middle of a flat field. Evidence of this can be found in the Kapoho a’a fields, where you still have areas of pristine jungle stacked atop cinder cones spared from the 1960 eruption. Of course, this trick only works so many times, stacking higher and higher until your hill is no longer a hill. Not to mention the fact you wouldn’t be able to access your house until it was over.

  62. #62 funny quotes
    August 18, 2011

    I agree with your Lava flows: You can’t stop them, you can only hope to contain them : Eruptions, good post.

  63. #63 Jenae Hamper
    August 24, 2011

    Hey i just noticed that your RSS feed is broken :-( I hope RSS will be working again. Thank you

  64. #64 jocuri
    August 25, 2011

    Things i have observed in terms of laptop or computer memory is there are specifications such as SDRAM, DDR etc, that must match up the technical specs of the motherboard. If the pc’s motherboard is kind of current and there are no operating system issues, improving the ram literally normally requires under sixty minutes. It’s among the easiest personal computer upgrade techniques one can consider. Thanks for revealing your ideas in Lava flows: You can’t stop them, you can only hope to contain them : Eruptions.

  65. #65 fishin 2 go apk
    August 26, 2011

    I like Your Article about Lava flows: You can’t stop them, you can only hope to contain them : Eruptions Perfect just what I was searching for! .

  66. #66 idol white
    August 28, 2011

    Well, no wonder people wonder why they have lava in the living room when they build it 100m from a active vulcano.

  67. #67 flooring lancaster
    September 4, 2011

    Thanks for spending the time to debate this, I really feel strongly about it and love studying more on this topic. If doable, as you turn out to be an expert, would you mind updating your weblog with more details?

  68. #68 Palawan Island
    September 8, 2011

    Cats don’t need to go to school. No tuition fees, no PTA meetings, no phone calls from the school principal about getting in trouble, etc.

  69. #69 Jadwiga Chrusciel
    September 9, 2011

    lol jippix94 ~ ~ yes! she is!! :)

  70. #70 Anton Pecorelli
    September 10, 2011

    I enjoy your history, ok, i’ll save this blog and also return here in next few days.

  71. #71 pimp my ride games
    September 10, 2011

    I have recently started a website, the information you provide on this site has helped me tremendously. Thanks for all of your time & work. “The man who fights for his fellow-man is a better man than the one who fights for himself.” by Clarence Darrow.

  72. #72 Walmart Oil Change Coupons
    September 13, 2011

    You create a great point in your own final paragraph. My boyfriend couldn’t agree more together with your points. In today’s modern world, your take on this issue is without in today’s kids. We must make sure that our kids learn more about this topic so we don’t lose our purpose.

  73. #73 Lesli Thelen
    September 14, 2011

    Excellent work over again.! Go on with posts like this one!;)

  74. #74 xtremeno
    September 15, 2011

    Lava flows are enormously destructive to property in their path. However, casualties are rare since flows are usually slow enough for people to escape, though this is dependent on the viscosity of the lava. Nevertheless injuries and deaths have occurred, either because people had their escape route cut off, because they got too close to the flow or, more rarely, if the lava flow front travels too quickly.

  75. #75 Stuart
    September 21, 2011

    What exactly questions that marilyn and i include a terrific college, considering meant for your ex boyfriend rational predatory instincts means which will deciding on the enterprise, will be currently becoming depicted, is the exact. She argues which in most cases persons don’t have any option to apprehend this really is connected with positive important points

  76. #76 farmville cheats
    September 22, 2011

    Thanks for sharing Lava flows: You can’t stop them, you can only hope to contain them : Eruptions with us keep update bro love your article about Lava flows: You can’t stop them, you can only hope to contain them : Eruptions .

  77. #77 droid bionic
    September 22, 2011

    Thankyou for sharing Lava flows: You can’t stop them, you can only hope to contain them : Eruptions with us keep update bro love your article about Lava flows: You can’t stop them, you can only hope to contain them : Eruptions .

  78. #78 top webhosting 2011
    September 27, 2011

    My husband and i got quite joyous when Michael managed to finish off his preliminary research from your ideas he got from your very own web page. It is now and again perplexing to just possibly be releasing guidelines which often others could have been making money from. And we also do understand we need the writer to be grateful to for that. All of the explanations you made, the straightforward blog navigation, the relationships you can help instill – it’s got most astounding, and it’s assisting our son in addition to us reason why that issue is interesting, and that’s quite fundamental. Many thanks for the whole thing!

  79. #79 droid bionic
    September 27, 2011

    Great goods from you, man. Lava flows: You can’t stop them, you can only hope to contain them : Eruptions I have understand your stuff previous to and you’re just extremely wonderful. I actually like what you’ve acquired here, certainly like what you’re saying and the way in which you say it. You make it enjoyable and you still care for to keep it smart. I can not wait to read much more from you. This is really a terrific Lava flows: You can’t stop them, you can only hope to contain them : Eruptions informations.

  80. #80 Rudy Kunesh
    October 4, 2011

    You may have not intended to do so, but I think you’ve managed to express the state of mind that a lot of men and women are in. The sense of wanting to assist, but not knowing how or wherever, is some thing a lot of us are going through.

  81. #81 Erika Tinlin
    October 6, 2011

    It seems like you’re developing difficulties your self by wanting to solve this concern as an alternative of looking at why their is really a problem in the first place

  82. #82 Hot Tennis Player
    October 7, 2011

    Wendell Phillips~ What is defeat Nothing but education nothing but the first step to something better.

  83. #83 Buck Helferty
    October 11, 2011

    Four years later and alot of us have iPads or an older iPhone so I can still get my iOS app fix when needed AND use a new platform.

  84. #84 Bob Boston
    October 12, 2011

    Lava is a very powerful force of nature.You are right it is destructive and cause the millions of property damages during volcanic eruptions. They are alternatives as what you have mentioned. Frankly, I am certainly hoping for alternatives because I live in Hawaii and imagine the dozen volcanoes out there.http://www.freebostonmarketcoupons.com

  85. #85 Article submissions
    October 18, 2011

    I don’t know if I concur with your post here. See you do make a good point, I don’t believe you have really given plenty of thought to the other side of this argument. Perhaps I could do a guest post or a follow-up, just tell me.

  86. #86 hardness tester
    October 19, 2011

    wow, Im amazed. Theres another Kirby out there! I guess I may have to start posting using my last name a rare situation with a name like Kirby

  87. #87 Adrien
    October 21, 2011

    I can’t thank you fully for the discussions on your site. I know you put a lot of time and effort into these and truly hope you know how much I enjoy it. I hope I am able to do precisely the same for someone else at some point.

  88. #88 Nikole Frye
    October 31, 2011

    looking forward to future post

  89. #89 Fredia
    November 4, 2011

    Reminds me of a story I had just heard on the news today about the very same. Now I read it here in your blog. Wow. Is that coincidence or destiny?

  90. #90 S. Sherman
    November 6, 2011

    I enjoy the efforts you have put in this, thank you for all the great blog posts.

  91. #91 Rosario Gotlib
    November 6, 2011

    They have been very versatile and of course, I haven’t had any more snide remarks about my dress.

  92. #92 t3 liothyronine sodium
    November 8, 2011

    As soon as I observed this site I went on reddit to share some of the love with them.

  93. #93 lady tennis players
    November 11, 2011

    Whether the knife falls on the melon or the melon on the knife, the melon suffers. – African Proverb

  94. #94 Homer
    November 15, 2011

    it was kewl. I didn’t knew that.

  95. #95 GHD Hair
    November 15, 2011

    this site made everything Used to do to find it appear to be nothing. The reason being that this is such an informative post. I desired to appreciate this detailed read with the subject. I definitely savored every bit of it and i also perhaps you have bookmarked to see new items you post.

  96. #96 Testowisko
    November 16, 2011

    Not quite interesting :S

  97. #97 Lockpicking Guide
    November 16, 2011

    Why do dogs wag their tails? Because no one else will do it for them!

  98. #98 dobry prawnik
    November 17, 2011

    Jag vill tacka er för dessa anteckningar. De är mycket användbara. Halla den igang!

  99. #99 Chun Li
    November 17, 2011

    Thanks for the tips about credit improvement on all of this web-site. A couple of things i would guidance people is always to give up the particular mentality they are able to buy presently and pay later on. To be a society all of us often continue doing this for a lot of elements. Including outings, furniture, together with items we would like. However, you’ll want to individual your present wants from the requirements. As long as you’re trying to repair your credit rating make some trade-offs. For instance you possibly can store online to save cash or else you can look from used shops instead of costly shops with respect in order to clothing.

  100. #100 spinach soup recipe
    November 18, 2011

    I insisting my dad that doesn’t all headlines posted on-line are original but this post can be an exceptional to my rule.

  101. #101 download pc cleaner software
    November 18, 2011

    Heya i’m for the first time here. I found this board and I find It truly useful & it helped me out a lot. I hope to provide something again and aid others like you helped me.

  102. #102 UGG Clearance
    November 22, 2011

    I like this article a lot. Your views are much like mine and I really like how your content creates interest and makes you think.

  103. #103 Bryant
    November 26, 2011

    Thanks!

  104. #104 air jordan womens shoes
    November 30, 2011

    This is getting a bit more subjective, but I much prefer the Zune Marketplace. The interface is colorful, has more flair, and some cool features like ‘Mixview’ that let you quickly see related albums, songs, or other users related to what you’re listening to. Clicking on one of those will center on that item, and another set of “neighbors” will come into view, allowing you to navigate around exploring by similar artists, songs, or users. Speaking of users, the Zune “Social” is also great fun, letting you find others with shared tastes and becoming friends with them. You then can listen to a playlist created based on an amalgamation of what all your friends are listening to, which is also enjoyable. Those concerned with privacy will be relieved to know you can prevent the public from seeing your personal listening habits if you so choose.

  105. #105 taniec
    November 30, 2011

    Good post, good webite, I’ll come back here soon.