GrrlScientist is an evolutionary biologist, ornithologist, aviculturist, birder and freelance science and nature writer. A native of the Pacific Northwest, she relocated from Seattle to NYC with her parrots after earning a BS in Microbiology (emphasis in Virology) and PhD in Zoology (Ornithology) from the University of Washington. In NYC, she was the Chapman Postdoctoral Fellow at the American Museum of Natural History for two years, pursuing part of her "dream" research project by reconstructing a molecular phylogeny of the parrots of the South Pacific islands. GrrlScientist and her five parrots are currently relocating to Germany, where she will continue writing her blog while also writing a book and learning German. (Meanwhile, her parrots will continue to nibble on her extensive personal library.) If you appreciate GrrlScientist's writing, you can help pay her living expenses by hiring her to "blog" your conference, speak at your club or write articles for your publication (or by clicking on the Paypal button below). If you read an essay on this blog that you especially enjoyed, please nominate it for inclusion in 
tags: Blue House Sparrow, Passer domesticus, birds, blue feather color, plumage color, refraction
Blue-colored Male House Sparrow, Passer domesticus,
photographed in Sydney, Australia, April 2009.
Some of you might remember the remarkable photographs of the blue-colored male house sparrow, Passer domesticus, that was photographed in a garden in Sydney, Australia a couple weeks ago. I posted the images I had, along with my speculations, but was unable to go further than that. However, I tracked down the photographer and he has very kindly written back, and included more images and comments for us to speculate over.
Dear GrrlScientist (Sorry, I don't know who you are),
Thank you for your very interesting observations about 'my' blue sparrow recently.
I'm a writer with London's Daily Mail newspaper, based in Sydney, Australia, and I suppose many people would have thought 'Oh, he's a journalist - how come a blue sparrow happens to land in his garden?'
Well, it certainly did, and since the first pictures I managed to grab with a consumer camera, the bird has paid a return visit. Very difficult to photograph because you know what sparrows are like - blink and they've gone.
I'm taking the liberty of attaching three pictures for your observation (and comment, please!). [ ... ]
The first [top image] was taken last month, when the bird first visited. I've included the entire picture because it shows 'ordinary' brown sparrows below the blue bird.
Blue-colored Male House Sparrow, Passer domesticus,
photographed in Sydney, Australia, April 2009.
The one on the ground [above] is a bit blurred, I'm afraid because it was taken on that first day when I had to grab the nearest camera and just fire away. But you can see how blue the bird is.Finally, the third picture [below] of the bird with its beak open is very clear and sharp and reveals its true colours.
Blue-colored Male House Sparrow, Passer domesticus,
photographed in Sydney, Australia, April 2009.Of course, I've had a few cynics saying it's not a sparrow (when it obviously is) and even a suggestion that it's been 'Photoshopped'. I think it's pretty obvious that there's been no photo manipulation (apart from slight sharpening).
I'll be away from Sydney for a couple of weeks so I won't be able to keep watching, but when I'm back I'll continue to watch the bird feeder.
As a matter of fact, my wife thinks she saw a second blue sparrow flitting around recently - at the same time as the 'first one' was at the bird feeder. I wonder if this suggests that a mother bird has bred a unique batch of young...?
All the best,
Richard Shears
Life Science
Education & Careers
Comments
Fascinating and very cool. The blue tone seem similar to the blue of the eastern bluebirds in my neighborhood.
I've found that sparrows are the most difficult birds for my amateur brain to identify. House sparrow, with the gray cap, are easy. It's all the other ones. I think I have chipping sparrows in my back yard. Their behavior, size and markings just don't fit anything else in my book.
Posted by: Mully410 | May 11, 2009 8:42 PM
Devorah--Haven't seen your regular postings on Tweeters for a while. Maybe I've just missed them, but how are you? Did you ever decide to do your own editing? I'm sure you'd be as effective as anyone else--and you'd have the advantage of knowing what you REALLY want to say!
Posted by: Murray Hansen | May 11, 2009 10:15 PM
Wonderful photos. I've never seen or heard of blue sparrows.
Posted by: Lilian Nattel | May 11, 2009 11:34 PM
Damn. I'd love to get my hands on a couple feathers. Well, not my hands. The hands of a competent biochemist, geneticist, and ornithologist. That's just weird.
As a sidenote, I second what Mully says about sparrows in general. Other than house sparrows (which happen to be the only old-world ones around here) and gold- and white-crowned, I'm always at a loss.
Posted by: Jeffrey | May 12, 2009 3:09 AM
Murray -- i was informed in private by several members that my comments and contributions were not welcome on tweeters, so i have refrained from contributing to the conversations there, with unusual exceptions.
Posted by: "GrrlScientist" | May 12, 2009 9:52 AM
Too bad about Tweeters--that is where I discovered your blog, and scienceblogs in general.
I love this blue House Sparrow! A truly unique little guy in a world of common sparrows. I hope we get more updates on him.
The last house I rented had House Sparrows nesting above the porch. I'm a biologist, and I know you are supposed to hate non-native invasive species, but we are the most destructive non-native species, so until we stop breeding, I don't think we should point fingers. I love them. I love how they say "CHEEP CHEEP" just like a little sparrow should, and how they roll in the dust looking like little mice.
Go Little Blue! Be an ambassador for your maligned species.
Posted by: Angela | May 12, 2009 3:47 PM
Fascinating. I'm guessing it's a change in the surface texture of the feather.
Posted by: Monado | May 12, 2009 7:52 PM
Dear All,
I am an ornithologists working on the physics and development of structural blue colors.
Is there any way that a few feathers from this individual can be obtained? Can you contact me offline with contact info to the photographer involved.
This is a fascinating and unique mutant individual that could shed new light on the developmental biology of these structures.
THanks,
Rick
Posted by: Ricahrd Prum | May 13, 2009 11:42 AM
richard, i am VERY familiar with your work and am most pleased to see you commenting here, particularly as one of my favorite topics to write and read about is plumage color.
i have written to the photographer asking for feathers, so if (and when) he responds, i will share that response on my blog. if any feathers are forthcoming, i will be most eager to share, particularly if the images/results are sent along to me so i can share with the many readers (ornithologists, birders and others) who have been following the story and commenting or sending private email to me.
Posted by: "GrrlScientist" | May 13, 2009 4:25 PM
Pretty dang nifty, keep us posted. thanks, rb
Posted by: arby | May 14, 2009 4:54 PM
Dear GrrlScientist,
Please send me an email offline! This is a very exciting bird, and it would be great learn as much as possible.
Rick
Posted by: Richard Prum | May 14, 2009 10:12 PM
Dear Grrl and All,
We have published two recent papers on how the spongy blue keratin of blue bird feathers grows. Both are available free at the following urls:
http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/6/Suppl_2/S253.abstract
http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/Journals/SM/article.asp?doi=b902775k
They are pretty technical, but the bottom line is that blue feathers are made by nanostructures that are self assembled in the feather barb cells. This bird may be a mutant in some gene associated with the self assembly of these keratin nanostructures.
The distribution of the blue in the melaninize patches above and not in the lighter areas below is also consistent with the idea that this is a real bird, and not a joke.
Cheers,
Rick
Posted by: Richard Prum | May 14, 2009 10:23 PM
I'm quite surprised that no one has suggested the possibility that this bird is simply stained - that the feathers grew in normally, but the bird was exposed to dye or something similar that turned the feathers blue. If that is the case, it should be quite obvious when the bird molts. If the blue coloration is due to a mutation, then the bird's next set of feathers should look much like its current ones. Analysis of the blue feathers could also discriminate between these possibilities.
Posted by: Matt | May 28, 2009 4:29 PM
Hi Devorah,
Richard Shears here again, re 'my' blue sparrow! I've been back from Europe for a couple of weeks now and absolutely no sign of the bird. Having read all the letters about it, from experts and everyday folk, I realise how unique it is and I only wish it would return. The food is out, my camera is on hand and my eyes are peeled. Plenty of brown sparrows but no sign of our little friend. Keep your fingers crossed that it will return. It's the dead of winter in Australia at the moment so perhaps that's affecting a return visit. Not being an expert, I don't know. But rest assured, I'm still watching. I need better pictures for my own satisfaction - along with everyone else's!
Regards Richard
Posted by: Richard Shears | June 14, 2009 9:15 AM