This is just one of dozens of responses to common climate change denial arguments, which can all be found at How to Talk to a Climate Sceptic.
Objection:
Greenland used to be a lovely hospitable island when the Vikings settled it. It was not until the Little Ice Age that it got so cold they abandoned it. During that time, it was clearly not the frozen wasteland it is today.
Answer:
Firstly, Greenland is just a part of a single region and as such can not be assumed to represent any kind of global climate shift. See the article on the Medieval Warm Period for a global perspective on this time period. In short, the available proxy evidence indicates that globally warmth during this period was not particularly pronounced though certainly some regions may have experienced greater warming than others.
Secondly, a quick reality check shows that Greenland’s ice cap is hundreds of thousands of years old and covers over 80% of that island. The vast majority of land not under an ice sheet is rock and permafrost in the far north. Just how different could it have been only 1000 years ago?
Here is a brief account of the Viking settlement, which was an actual historical development, based on the chapter on Vikings in Greenland in Jared Diamond’s "Collapse".
Greenland was called Greenland by Erik the Red (was he red?
who was in exile and wanted to attract people to a new colony. He believed that you should give a land a good name so that people want to go there! It very likely was a bit warmer when he landed for the first time than it was when the last settlers starved due to a number of factors, climate change, or at least some bad weather, a major one. But it was never lush and their existence was always harsh and meagre, especially due to the Viking’s disdain for other peoples and other ways of living. They attempted to live a European lifestyle in an arctic climate side by side with the Inuit who easily out survived them. For heaven’s sake, these people starved surrounded by oceans and yet never ate fish! (Note: this was not a typical European behaviour and is in fact a bit of a mystery to this day).
Instead of hunting whales in kayaks, they farmed cattle, goats and sheep despite having to keep them in a barn 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, for a full 5 months out of the year! It was a constant challenge to get enough fodder for the winter. Starvation of the animals was frequent, emaciation routine. The pressures of grazing requirements and growing fodder for the winter led to over production of pastures, erosion and the need to go further and further a field to sustain the animals. Deforestation for pastures and firewood proceeded at unsustainable rates, leading, after a couple of centuries, to such desperate measures as having to cut precious sod for housing construction and even burning it for cooking and heating fuel.
When finally confronted with several severe winters in a row, they, along with the little remaining livestock, simply starved before spring arrived.
The moral of the story for the climate controversy? Much as you can not judge a book by its cover, you can’t judge the climate of Greenland from its name.
A bit of related trivia: further indications of their stubborn reluctance to learn from the Inuit is that there is no evidence of any kind of trade whatsoever, this despite centuries of being neighbours. In fact, the first of only three accounts of encounters the Norse had with the natives refers to them as "skraelings" (wretches) and describes rather matter of factly how strangely and differently they bleed when stabbed with fatal and non-fatal wounds. How’s that for diplomacy!?
See also the entry on Vineland if it happens to come up.
This is just one of dozens of responses to common climate change denial arguments, which can all be found at How to Talk to a Climate Sceptic.
“Greenland Used to be Green” was first published here, where you can still find the original comment thread. This updated version is also posted on the Grist website, where additional comments can be found, though the author, Coby Beck, does not monitor or respond there.