Neurotopia

And honestly, if I had this equipment and the ability to analyze alcoholic drinks, I would totally do it. For the good of science. Really. And they were funded by breweries and distilleries! I think I need to work for these people...

It's common in the lore of alcohol that moderate consumption can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, presumably due to the antioxidant effects of alcohol, flavenoid, or polyphenol contained in the alcoholic beverage (this particularly applies to things like red wine). One can assume, based on the movies and books, that Bond is very healthy individual, and also that he consumed a certain number of alcoholic beverages. The authors wanted to know if Bond's particular choice of beverage influenced his obvious physical health.

So as I'm sure many of you know, Bond prefers his martinis "shaken, not stirred". Thus, the authors took samples of both shaken and stirred "mini-martinis" (6mL gin, 3mL vermouth), shook them or stirred them, and then looked to see if they altered the luminescence resulting from hydrogen peroxide, which would determine that the drinks did indeed have antioxidant activity. First, of course, they tested the antioxidant levels of gin and vermouth by themselves, and then looked at the mixture. Not only that, they also looked at samples of white wine and whiskey. Just for science, you know.

It turns out that vermouth is a much more potent antioxidant than gin, but that the combination of gin and vermouth was better than either ingredient alone! Not only that, the SHAKEN martinis had far more ability to suppress peroxide luminesence (they were better antioxidants), than the stirred martinis. You could get a similar effect by bubbling either air or nitrogen through the mixture as well, but not by stirring.

They also looked to see if these effects were due to levels of polyphenols, like those compounds found in whiskey and wine. They found that the martinis, though containing antioxidants, were low in polyphenols, a whole order of magnitude lower than wine or whiskey. So you want your polyphenols, drink wine or whiskey, but it appears that a good shaken martini will still deliver your antioxidants for the day. When in doubt, do it just like Bond likes it.

A couple of considerations for the authors:
1) Many people like their martinis dry. Your martinis (2 parts gin, 1 part vermouth) were most definitely NOT dry. Some of the most dry martinis (like mine) have only a passing aquaintance with vermouth, wherein the bottle is waved vaguely in the direction of the drink. Since the vermouth was found to be the source of most of the antioxidant properties of the martini, it's very possible that a dry martini could have different antioxidant effects.

2) What about dirty martinis? What about olives vs. twist? It's very possible that the presence of an olive or two, some brine, or a twist or two of lemon could change the antioxidant properties drastically. Since no one drinks their martinis without one of these two items (unless they are desperate, believe me, we've all been there), it would behoove the authors to examine their effects as well.

3) Do your research! Bond, James Bond, drinks VODKA martinis, not gin! Many of us prefer vodka martinis to gin, and not all of us can DO gin (I had a bad experience back in '02, still can't stand even the smell of juniper). Does the mixing of vodka and vermouth have different antioxidant properties than that of gin and vermouth?

4) Where does the name "martini" come from? I'm just wondering.

5) The "shaking" part of the assay was done with a 9mL samples in a 100mL bottle. No ice was added. I would be interested to see the effects of ice, as well as the effects if a smaller bottle had been used, as most martinis don't really have that kind of space to be shaken around in. Additionally, the shaking was done for 1 minute, a lot longer than a normal bartender is likely to shake a drink. The stirred martinis were done in a 20mL vial on a vortex. The different volumes could have had an effect.

C C Trevithick, M M Chartrand, J Wahlman, F Rahman, M Hirst, JR Trevithick. (1999). Shaken, not stirred: bioanalytical study of the antioxidant activities of martinis British Medical Journal, 319 (7225), 1600-1602