The giant squid has a penis
Category: Cephalopods
Posted on: March 28, 2008 9:09 AM, by PZ Myers
This video definitively settles that question.
Evolution, development, and random biological ejaculations from a godless liberal

PZ Myers is a biologist and associate professor at the University of Minnesota, Morris.
…and this is a pharyngula stage embryo.
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Category: Cephalopods
Posted on: March 28, 2008 9:09 AM, by PZ Myers
This video definitively settles that question.
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Comments
What's the deal with the beak, anyway? Where does it come from, evolution-wise? Do other marine animals have beaks? Is it terribly stupid to wonder if there is some link between bird beaks and squid beaks? Just curious.
Posted by: DaveX | March 28, 2008 9:57 AM
PZ, I'm not what you would call spiritual, but I have religiously avoided watching anything to do with "Jackass" until you just tricked me. Thanks a lot.
Posted by: Bruce | March 28, 2008 9:59 AM
You're doing yourself a disservice. Jackass the movie is actually hilarious. Infantile? Sure. Funny? Definitely.
Posted by: Rev. BigDumbChimp | March 28, 2008 10:01 AM
Wait a second. That's not really a single squid sperm right? I'm afraid I'm being pathetically credulous to even pose the question, but damn it, I'm not a biologist and I come here to LEARN.
Posted by: p4limpsest | March 28, 2008 10:01 AM
"The squid doesn't have a penis." - you, in this post:
http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2008/03/nothing_but_ignominy_for_the_g.php
See, they told us not to trust Big Science!
Posted by: Olaf Davis | March 28, 2008 10:01 AM
That was absolutely disgusting, yet hilarious!
My favorite Wildboyz episode was when Steve-O and Pontius dressed up in a Zebra suit and let lions attack them. Enjoy the video: http://youtube.com/watch?v=N2rWrF5EwzA
Posted by: Dirk Diggler | March 28, 2008 10:11 AM
Who says science can't be fun, or even funny?
Although this may not be science in a strict sense of the term, it is at least an interest in the natural world, and the giant squid is a fascinating animal. I remember seeing a documentary where the sonar dome of a big navy(?) ship had been attacked by a giant squid. The rubberized coating on the dome had been torn up pretty good by the squid.
Maybe the squid was just looking for some luvin'.
Posted by: Forrest Prince | March 28, 2008 10:25 AM
""That's amazing. I feel like I actually learned something today!""
haha.
Posted by: Geral | March 28, 2008 10:56 AM
About the beak, funny you should ask, there's a fascinating article about it on Not Exactly Rocket Science just now: A squid's beak is a marvel of biological engineering. If only the author had given it another title, because you know how words are used these days... if it is engineering then who is the engineer?
Posted by: Ph(i)Nk 0 | March 28, 2008 11:14 AM
(.)(.)
Posted by: wÒÓ† | March 28, 2008 11:18 AM
Well that vid had everything - drama, romance, suspense, comedy, and sex. And I learned something today as well.
Posted by: True Bob | March 28, 2008 11:20 AM
Somehow, I don't see squid porn catching on.
Posted by: Romeo Vitelli | March 28, 2008 11:21 AM
Don't a few other molluscs also have "jaws"?
"Marine animal" is not an evolutionarily meaningful term.
Yes :-) Sorry, couldn't help. Beaks have evolved lots of times independently within vertebrates, and vertebrate jaws have nothing to do with cephalopod jaws.
Posted by: David Marjanović, OM | March 28, 2008 11:28 AM
Squid beaks: Ed's article that Ph(i)Nk 0 linked is terrific. Of course, our gracious host here at Pharyngula is far too modest to link to his detailed article, "Cephalopod Gnashers," at the old site.
Posted by: HP | March 28, 2008 11:28 AM
Oh?
Posted by: Kseniya | March 28, 2008 11:41 AM
ID has a penis, too, Stein. If you'd like to see ridicule done well and effectively, this is some of the best:
Posted by: Glen Davidson | March 28, 2008 11:52 AM
That was oddly
arousingentertainng.Is it optimistic of me to think that that might actually get some kids started on a career as a
hentai starbiologist?Posted by: Sili | March 28, 2008 12:04 PM
Wow! It's a veritable cephalopod-fest today!
Posted by: Stuart Ritchie | March 28, 2008 12:44 PM
Thanks for linking that, Ph(i)Nk 0. This month's (or last month's) Scientific American also had a blurb about the density gradient of squid beaks.
And as for squid porn (Kseniya's helpful links aside), I happen to be President of the local chapter of NASTÉ (the North American association of Squid/Tentacle habituÉs). Some consider us to be a fishy bunch, but once you get to know us, we have a way of suckering you in.
Posted by: Brownian, OM | March 28, 2008 1:13 PM
Funny, I actually read about their beaks earlier today; Spiegel Online has an article about (recent, I assume) discoveries about the structure of the beak tissue and how squids manage not to hurt themselves with their own beaks (the process of using the beak is described as "like cutting meat with a blade that has no handle"). The article's in German, sorry... If I understand correctly, the key is that the hardness of the beak is gradated; it has more chitin at the base than at the tip, and more protein at the tip than at the base, and the major factor determining the hardness of the tissue is the water content. Interesting stuff.
And I hate, hate, hate people who act like these guys. I'd have been very tempted to give the beak a good squeeze while they had their fingers in it...
Posted by: catta | March 28, 2008 1:25 PM
Aw, crap. That's what I get for not clicking on all the links in the comments -- the study the article I linked to is based on is the same as in Ph(i)Nk 0's link. Sorry you guys. (but at least now you have a pop-science summary in German at your disposal ;) )
Posted by: catta | March 28, 2008 1:30 PM
OM NOM NOM NOM OUCH!
Posted by: Robster, FCD | March 28, 2008 1:45 PM
DaveX, I believe that bird beaks are composed of keratin, and squid beaks are composed of chitin, same stuff as the radula in snails. Remember that squid are mollusca right? So you can see how the chitinous mouthparts of snails changed over time to become a beak in squid. As far as bird beaks are compared with squid beaks, the squid beak would be considered convergent evolution rather than a homologous structure.
Posted by: LARA | March 28, 2008 1:51 PM
Wait wait don't tell me: Your motto is "We Give Good Cephalo!"
Posted by: Kseniya | March 28, 2008 2:27 PM
We're sorry, this video is no longer available.
Posted by: spencer | March 28, 2008 2:37 PM
PZ (and all other squid aficionados), I was amazed yesterday to read this Yahoo story:
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080328/ap_on_he_me/squid_beak;_ylt=AqqNcf24RN7f4tQzsS3HxXgPLBIF
I would have thought this sort of knowledge would have been discovered at least a century ago. I guess it just goes to show how little we know about our head-footed friends. Here's where I incur the wrath of Dr. Myers by giving much love and respect to the blue-ringed octopus, the coolest cephalopod there is!
Posted by: Mike | March 28, 2008 2:39 PM
Sorry to give a link to an article with content that had already been mentioned a couple of times. Sorry also for giving a link that is extremely long and annoying and travels almost completely off of the computer screen (at least on mine it does).
Posted by: Mike | March 28, 2008 2:45 PM
I can haz...?
Posted by: Sven DiMilo | March 28, 2008 2:52 PM
Wait wait don't tell me: Your motto is "We Give Good Cephalo!"
Well, it was, until we discovered most of our members were 'pod fetishists, while a smaller arm of our chapter are content to, well, we just call them 'Inkies'.
Our main issue now is advocacy for the recognition of human-cephalopod civil unions. To this end, I'm organising a campaign that will culminate in a march on our respective parliaments and capitols, this upcoming 'Octo'ber. If any Pharyngulites are interested in supporting this worthwhile fight for freedom and justice, I urge you to contact me at the "Calamari? Can-a-Marry!" Campaign office, C/O this blog.
Posted by: Brownian, OM | March 28, 2008 2:55 PM
Mike, it's best to embed long URLs into [a] tags with shorter descriptions. That prevents the hard left-justification of the entire thread.
On the scale of life's hardships, though, I'd put it at about a 0.001. ;-)
Posted by: Kseniya | March 28, 2008 2:57 PM
I disagree; it's not a stupid question from a naive observer, David. And there may be a link; after all, bird wings and bat wings are homologous as forelimbs, even though they're not homologous as wings.
I take your point about their not being homologous as beaks, but I'd want to see the analyses before concluding they have nothing to do with each other at any level of abstraction at all, not just the obvious leaf node you're referring to.
Posted by: thalarctos | March 28, 2008 3:03 PM
Could the beak be a sort of remnant of the molluscan shell, as the pen is?
Posted by: Mike | March 28, 2008 3:14 PM
Well, it's not like the squid and bird beaks have nothing to do with each other--they both surround mouths that are probably homologous...probably.
Turtles are MUCH closer to birds than are squid, but their keratinous beaks are probably not homologous either.
Posted by: Sven DiMilo | March 28, 2008 3:22 PM
"Inkies" ... LOL!
Re: Can-A-Marry! Brownian, I believe you might have a chance at enlisting what's left of The Beatles in the aid of your noble cause!
Posted by: Kseniya | March 28, 2008 3:22 PM
Seeing them drop and wrestle the squids, I had an epiphany. I've devised the GSWWF (Giant squid world wrestling federation)! (Soon to be GSWWE due to concerns from environmental groups). Once the squidmania fades and they are too washed up to wrestle anymore, they could have a reality show on VH1, "Squid Knows Best" is the working title, for now. Although taping will be halted due to a juvenile squid accident pending felony charges for crashing a car and seriously injuring his friend.
Posted by: toddahhhhh | March 28, 2008 3:24 PM
#35:
Don't forget that there's a good chance the main giant squid's slippery spouse will divorce him and take half his fish and a large portion of his ink sack. Brother.
Posted by: Mike | March 28, 2008 3:26 PM
Sven @ #33:
Actually, molluscs are protostomes (i.e. the first invagination, or 'hole' made by the gastrulating embryo is the mouth) whereas vertebrates and many other more closely related critters are deuterostomes--the first hole we make as embryos becomes the anus. Those parameters for homology are a little too relaxed for my taste ;-)
Posted by: DanioPhD | March 28, 2008 3:28 PM
Someone clear up my confusion. PZ's earlier post said that squids have a "special tentacle" which is not a penis. When they are asked to hold the "penis," the guy says that it's not a penis - just a tentacle. So... which is it? Penis or special tentacle?
I have never said penis so many times in one paragraph before.
Posted by: Greg | March 28, 2008 3:32 PM
It's good to see David, thalarctos and Sven teaching the controversy.
(I'm not exactly joking.)
Posted by: Kseniya | March 28, 2008 3:37 PM
Wow! Many interesting links there. That one about the makeup of the beak was especially interesting-- and if anyone missed the first-hand account of diving with Humboldts, they should go back and dig it.
Thanks for the helpful answers, everyone!
(And David M-- you might employ some etiquette in the future. I've seen the ocean precisely ONCE in my life, and I certainly don't know anything about the jaws of molluscs. If "marine animal" doesn't work for you, try suggesting a more appropriate term.)
Posted by: DaveX | March 28, 2008 3:37 PM
Well, it's not like the squid and bird beaks have nothing to do with each other
Calcification processes in molluscs and vertebrates might also have some sort of connection... (squid beaks aren't nacre though, and bird beaks are only partly bone, but still...)
Posted by: windy | March 28, 2008 3:54 PM
DanioPhD,
Does that mean, then, that vertebrates are anal-retentive, while molluscs are oral-retentive? Or is it the other way round?
Sorry. Freud came up in therapy recently.Posted by: Sili | March 28, 2008 4:20 PM
Off-topic comment: You're either going to love this or hate it, PZ. But you're no longer just a movie star. you're a hip hop homeboy: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eaGgpGLxLQw&fmt=18
Posted by: PLuS | March 28, 2008 4:23 PM
DaveX, you'll find that David M. isn't one to throw barbs or snap his beak at any honest inquiry. He's one of the most even-tempered and generously disposed persons in the 'hood. Consider it an uncharacteristic slip. :-)
Posted by: Kseniya | March 28, 2008 4:24 PM
On the Constitution of some Appendages of the Mollusca
Posted by: windy | March 28, 2008 4:46 PM
I take your point, but it's exactly this kind of examination you're presenting that will ultimately answer the question. I'm not conversant enough with the genetic processes that form the holes in invertebrates to know whether we're talking about different genes that do similar things (analogy, not homology), or whether we're talking about the same genes that get just get triggered in different orders in different species, which could involve some degree of homology of the resulting structures related to those gene products. (I study sun bears, which are comfortably mammal-vanilla, embryologically speaking, to compare with humans; molluscs are terra incognita to me.)
I'd want to know that before categorically ruling it out, and I certainly wouldn't characterize a question from someone who hasn't delved into it in the degree specialists have done as "stupid". "Stupid" would be persisting in it after the evidence is in (and you know who you are--I'm looking at you, Dembski, Behe, Dr. Steve, et al!).
Until the evidence is in, or someone has explained to Dave how it would or would work, he's just generating a possible hypothesis at his level of available information; a process which may be naive, but is certainly not stupid.
Posted by: thalarctos | March 28, 2008 5:12 PM
D'oh! That should be, of course:
Invertebrates must have stolen my negation!
Posted by: thalarctos | March 28, 2008 5:16 PM
to bad those are not Giant Squid but are actually large Humboldt Squid,was surprised nobody caught that?
Posted by: the free phenotype | March 28, 2008 5:39 PM
If you got to go, may as well show off your huge tool and get one last "happy ending" in the process...
Posted by: Milo Johnson | March 28, 2008 5:43 PM
Thalarctos @#46
Agreed--I wholehearteldy encourage questions and classify very few of them as 'stupid' (which is saying something--I've had more jaded, unmotivated undergraduates in the past few years than I care to count). Certainly Dave's query was a good one, IMO, and I wouldn't dream of casting aspersions at anyone who posed such a question from an honest desire to learn something new. I just want to clarify that I never thought--or wrote--any such thing.
My response about the blastopore was mostly just to be silly. 'Homology' can be based on very vague criteria, and if you take it to its broadest extreme, almost any two things could be deemed homologous in some way. Asses and holes in the ground come to mind :)
Your point about molecular homology is a good one--after all, it took molecular genetics to appreciate that the ventral nervous system of bilateral insects, etc. was patterned by the same genes as the dorsal nervous system of vertebrates and their allies. Turns out old Geoffrey St. Hilaire wasn't such a raving lunatic after all! I wouldn't be at all surprised to learn that protostome mouths and deuterostome mouths were in fact patterned by some of the same genes. I'm at home now without institutional access to journals, and someone will probably beat me to it, but I'll look it up as soon as I'm reconnected to the academic world. However, even if this bears out, I'm still not sure it's appropriate to term these respective mouths 'homologues'. Dig?
Posted by: DanioPhD | March 28, 2008 7:30 PM
No, I know you didn't.
Yup--I come to the party having been mentored by a great old (human) gross anatomist in the classic (pre-genome sequencing) tradition. Under his mentorship, I took his ideas about knowledge representation in human anatomy in a comparative anatomy direction. He taught me far more than I ever taught him, although I do remember explaining to him the difference between quadrupeds and tetrapods, and that, contrary to his mental image, not all fish had paired sets of fins.
But for all our differences in species focus, we were both dealing with gross anatomy, where much of the literature refers to structures as "homologous" or "not homologous" across species. For my thesis and dissertation, I had a GSR (graduate school representative, assigned by the grad school to make sure that the exam proceeds appropriately) who was also a genome scientist. He told me afterwards, smiling, that it was very jarring to him to hear the word "homology" used as it was in my defense--as a molecular biologist, he is used to "X%" homology, not as "on" or "off" as classical anatomists tend to speak of it.
All of which is a very long and rambling way of agreeing with you--it may well not be appropriate to call these different mouths "homologues" in the classic sense that sun bear prostates and human prostates are almost identical genetically-related structures. Yet, if they are indeed generated by the same structural genes, there would seem (by definition) to be some kinds of homologous relationships going on, which was my main objection to David's "not at all" characterization. As gross anatomical structures, it would be silly to say they are X% homologous, and yet the all-or-nothing approach--as you rightly observe--doesn't seem quite right in this case either.
Posted by: thalarctos | March 28, 2008 8:40 PM
I spent part of every work day looking at colonoscopy photos, and it doesn't bother me. I seriously threw up a little in my mouth while watching this. Next time, please RickRoll me instead. PLEASE!:6
Posted by: MandyDax | March 29, 2008 2:57 AM
Dammit, I er. Snails come after squid evolutionarily, when torsion occurs, not before as I wrote.
Posted by: LARA | March 30, 2008 1:27 PM
Posted by: Sven DiMilo | March 30, 2008 9:26 PM