One of the greatest challenges in all of evolutionary science is to figure out which species evolved into which over time. From our perspective, we would love to know how humans came to be, who our ancestors were, and what simpler animals gave rise to us.
Well, we don't know this right now. We know a good portion of the fossil records, but -- like anything that relies on fossils -- there are gaps, referred to colloquially as missing links. One of the fun things to track is cranial capacity over time, and we find that Homo Sapiens' huge brains are recent developments.
And, as you can also see, there are gaps even in this relatively recent record. Did Homo Erectus evolve directly into Homo Sapiens? (Probably.) Is there a missing link? (Possibly.) But there are many, many gaps the farther back we go. The reason is simple: geology.
Everything that lives dies, but most dead things are recycled, not fossilized. We have to get lucky to find fossils, and we have to get luckier the farther back we go. And we get stopped about 600 million years ago (give or take) by the lifetime of sedimentary rock, which turns into metamorphic rock (and loses its fossils) on timescales longer than that. We know that the dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years ago, and that mammals rose after that. But how did humans come from that?
If we take a closer look, humans are great apes; we split off from them fairly recently. (And yes, there are missing links there.) Apes are primates, like dry-nosed monkeys and wet-nosed monkeys (like the lemur above) are. Scientists call the wet-nosers strepsirrhini and the dry-nosers haplorrhini. Note the dryness of your nose, and if you can't, then wipe it for goodness' sake!
Well, I'd like to introduce you to a long-lost cousin of yours. (And click to enlarge her.)
I probably can't say ancestor, because she died before reaching adulthood, where she would have been just under 2 pounds. But she is the only complete primate from over 35 million years ago (she's 43-47 million years old herself), and has a very special feature that is unique to her, but is found in apes and dry-nosed monkeys afterwards (and -- again -- click to enlarge):
Opposable digits!!! Yes, they're on her feet instead of her hands, but these graspers are different than, say, cat claws. They are much more like modern opposable thumbs found on extant dry-nosed primates. She also had fingernails, ape-like teeth, and a body built for tree-dwelling.
And she just might be the oldest complete fossil of a species that evolved into us. So enjoy the awesome biology news, even if it is coming from an astrophysicist! And a special thanks to Bora Z, who pointed this research out to me! (And who -- I'm sure -- has a more detailed writeup of this!)
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Great Stuff, thanks!
Posted by: NewEnglandBob
| May 19, 2009 7:17 PM
Why perpetuate the false notion of missing link?!!? Why title your post like this? It is insanely misleading, sensationalized, and, in my opinion, irresponsible from a blogging scientist. Sorry ... my two cents.
Posted by: BrianR | May 19, 2009 7:51 PM
p.s. read Laelaps 'Poor, poor Ida...' post from today and discussion thread.
Posted by: BrianR | May 19, 2009 7:54 PM
I agree with BrianR, there is simply not enough evidence to claim that this species is directly related to humans. In fact, that looks like the least likely possibility.
It is certainly a fascinating specimen and incredible find, but "missing link"? Dubious.
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Posted by: Anurag | May 20, 2009 3:08 AM
Darvin teorisindenmi bahsediliyor...
Posted by: netci | May 20, 2009 3:32 AM
Yeah it’s interesting, but the article approaches the level of hyper-ventilating.
However, I’m sure HA resident evolution “experts” will be happy to share with us how this find is a joke, evolution is a hoax, etc, etc. As soon as I saw the article on Drudge I knew it’d be a good traffic day for HA.
Posted by: adams | May 20, 2009 10:07 AM
Why the problem? it says it's only -A- missing link, not -THE- missing link: certainly, this is evidence for the first animals with opposable thumbs, I think it's certainly -A- missing link, and I don't think it's irresponsible to call it like that.
Posted by: SCO | May 20, 2009 3:15 PM
I'm not a creationist or religious at all, I guess I need to preface that as it seems to be how my comments were taken. I am, in fact, an undergraduate student of biology.
However, I will quote a relevant recent Laelaps article regarding this issue:
The bottom line is that the hypothesis that Darwinius is closer to anthropoids than tarsiers or omomyids does not have strong support. Even though the authors of the paper constructed a very simple cladogram they did not undertake a full, rigorous cladistic analysis to support their claims. I am baffled as to how they could stress the significance of this fossil without undertaking the requisite research to support their hypothesis.
He goes on to say:
The grand claims about it being our ancestor, though, can not be upheld as true. The researchers simply did not do the work to support their case, and even if their language was more reserved in the technical paper they have gone hand-in-hand with the History Channel to create an aura of sensationalism around the fossil.
Simply put, this species is most likely not a direct ancestor to humanity, more of a "cousin" (at least in the sense that humans and other great apes share a common ancestor with it), but calling it a "missing link" implies that it is.
Posted by: ethin | May 20, 2009 7:31 PM
you know just like every other "missing links" the scientist discover this one will turn out to be another fraud just like all the other "missing links", and also you ignorant scientists think that you have proven evolution by finding another specimen that was wiped out from Noahs flood 4000 years ago. Just because you find the remains of an animal doesn't prove evolution, the only way to prove evolution is to eye witness it first hand, which is impossible to even to do that because evolution has been proven wrong so many times it's not even funny anymore. For example, lets take horse evolution, you scientists have known this for over 200 years that it was proven wrong, but still yet you are still putting this proven-wrong things into the youths minds, scientists know the theory of evolution,(as if they treat it as if it were not a theory anymore) has been proven wrong, but they still put it in the text books these days, what scientists aren't telling you is that they have evidence(proof) that evolution is false, but still they continue to be ignorant and place it in peoples gulable little minds.
Posted by: Douglas Zeman | May 20, 2009 7:37 PM
Well, you think that is a story? How about this...Mr Christian himself, answering to a greater father has had a little twist-about on that issue. Are you kidding me? Bush was elected TWICE because of the Christian right. He totally snubbed Al Gore on the global warming, in essence snubbing science itself. Now he has moved the Bible from his desk to his bookshelf next to the Dan Brown books? Quite a backslider:
http://www.socoolaz.com/article/World_News/World_News/Scientific_Missing_Link_Found_Bush_Family_Celebrate_in_Texas/30261
Posted by: The Grayheck | May 20, 2009 8:38 PM
Douglas Zeman - Seriously? Poe, I hope...with all the bad grammar and spelling, it's hard to tell...
("peoples gulable little minds" - LOL)
Ethan, as usual, great post.
Posted by: DataJack | May 29, 2009 5:26 AM
Everything that lives dies, but most dead things are recycled, not fossilized. We have to get lucky to find fossils, and we have to get luckier the farther back we go. And we get stopped about 600 million years ago (give or take) by the lifetime of sedimentary rock, which turns into metamorphic rock (and loses its fossils) on timescales longer than that. We know that the dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years ago, and that mammals rose after that. But how did humans come from that?Library App
Posted by: date | June 27, 2010 2:28 AM
The opposable digits are on her feet instead of her hands. They look kind of strange, too long in my opinion, but these graspers are different than, say, cat claws. They are much more like modern opposable thumbs found on extant dry-nosed primates. She also had fingernails, ape-like teeth, and a body built for tree-dwelling. This looks like a good candidate for ancestry. Online Job Search
Posted by: Mark | July 20, 2010 6:52 AM
I agree with BrianR, there is simply not enough evidence to claim that this species is directly related to humans. In fact, that looks like the least likely possibility.
Posted by: poker calculator | August 10, 2010 5:13 PM
I agree with BrianR, there is simply not enough evidence to claim that this species is directly related to humans. In fact, that looks like the least likely possibility.
Posted by: george R | August 10, 2010 5:19 PM
They look kind of strange, too long in my opinion, but these graspers are different than, say, cat claws. They are much more like modern opposable thumbs found on extant dry-nosed primates. She also had fingernails, ape-like teeth, and a body built for tree-dwelling.Regards, Thanks....!!!!
Posted by: Netbook Case | October 30, 2010 12:31 PM
’m sure HA resident evolution “experts” will be happy to share with us how this find is a joke, evolution is a hoax, etc, etc. As soon as I saw the article on Drudge. Regards, ThANKS.............!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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Why the problem? it says it's only -A- missing link, not -THE- missing link: certainly, this is evidence for the first animals with opposable thumbs, I think it's certainly -A- missing link, and I don't think it's irresponsible to call it like that.
regards
Posted by: buy microsoft points | October 31, 2010 2:23 AM
Everything that lives dies, but most dead things are recycled, not fossilized. We have to get lucky to find fossils, and we have to get luckier the farther back we go. And we get stopped about 600 million years ago (give or take) by the lifetime of sedimentary rock, which turns into metamorphic rock (and loses its fossils) on timescales longer than that.Thanks............!!!!!!!!!!!
Posted by: sentinel's fate | November 1, 2010 7:33 AM
more of a "cousin" (at least in the sense that humans and other great apes share a common ancestor with it), but calling it a "missing link" implies that it is.
regards
Posted by: 1 month xbox live | November 1, 2010 8:26 AM
The grand claims about it being our ancestor, though, can not be upheld as true. The researchers simply did not do the work to support their case, and even if their language was more reserved in the technical paper they have gone hand-in-hand with the History Channel to create an aura of sensationalism around the fossil.
Posted by: video games | November 1, 2010 4:38 PM
He totally snubbed Al Gore on the global warming, in essence snubbing science itself. Now he has moved the Bible from his desk to his bookshelf next to the Dan Brown books? Quite a backslider:
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Posted by: cheap xbox live codes | November 2, 2010 9:49 AM
Why the problem? it says it's only -A- missing link, not -THE- missing link: certainly, this is evidence for the first animals with opposable thumbs, I think it's certainly -A- missing link, and I don't think it's irresponsible to call it like that.Thanks
Posted by: technology news | November 2, 2010 11:27 AM
Simply put, this species is most likely not a direct ancestor to humanity, more of a "cousin" (at least in the sense that humans and other great apes share a common ancestor with it), but calling it a "missing link" implies that it is.Thanks
Posted by: cheeky bingo | November 3, 2010 3:29 AM
There are a lot of missing links to a lot of junk science these days. I can see how we may have evolved from something else but proving it has been a hard sell for me so far.
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Posted by: Jim | November 3, 2010 11:01 AM
but most dead things are recycled, not fossilized. We have to get lucky to find fossils, and we have to get luckier the farther back we go. And we get stopped about 600 million years ago (give or take) by the lifetime of sedimentary rock, which turns into metamorphic rock (and loses its fossils) on timescales longer than that. We know that the dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years ago, and that mammals rose after that.regards, thankx.!
Posted by: lord of the rings slot | November 3, 2010 3:47 PM
Why perpetuate the false notion of missing link?!!? Why title your post like this? It is insanely misleading, sensationalized, and, in my opinion, irresponsible from a blogging scientist. Sorry ... my two cents.
regards
Posted by: burning crusade | November 4, 2010 6:20 AM
Why the problem? it says it's only -A- missing link, not -THE- missing link: certainly, this is evidence for the first animals with opposable thumbs, I think it's certainly -A- missing link, and I don't think it's irresponsible to call it like that.Thanks
Posted by: Phlebotomy Certification | November 4, 2010 10:41 AM
Simply put, this species is most likely not a direct ancestor to humanity, more of a "cousin" (at least in the sense that humans and other great apes share a common ancestor with it), but calling it a "missing link" implies that it is.Thanks...!!!
Posted by: lord of rings slot | November 4, 2010 3:50 PM
ago, and that mammals rose after that.regards, thankx.!
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Posted by: Addictive Behavior | November 5, 2010 11:28 AM
We have to get lucky to find fossils, and we have to get luckier the farther back we go. And we get stopped about 600 million years ago (give or take) by the lifetime of sedimentary rock, which turns into metamorphic rock (and loses its fossils) on timescales longer than that. We know that the dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years ago, and that mammals rose after that.regards, thankx.!
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We have to get lucky to find fossils, and we have to get luckier the farther back we go. And we get stopped about 600 million years ago (give or take) by the lifetime of sedimentary rock, which turns into metamorphic rock (and loses its fossils) on timescales longer than that.Thanks..!!
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Posted by: University Information | November 11, 2010 7:02 AM
They look kind of strange, too long in my opinion, but these graspers are different than, say, cat claws. They are much more like modern opposable thumbs found on extant dry-nosed primates. She also had fingernails, ape-like teeth, and a body built for tree-dwelling.Cheers
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Posted by: An33k | November 11, 2010 9:39 AM
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Posted by: Glock 19 | November 11, 2010 4:57 PM
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Posted by: College Information | November 16, 2010 9:03 AM
And we get stopped about 600 million years ago (give or take) by the lifetime of sedimentary rock, which turns into metamorphic rock (and loses its fossils) on timescales longer than that. We know that the dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years ago, and that mammals rose after that
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Everything that lives dies, but most dead things are recycled, not fossilized. We have to get lucky to find fossils, and we have to get luckier the farther back we go.
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One of the greatest challenges in all of evolutionary science is to figure out which species evolved into which over time.
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We have to get lucky to find fossils, and we have to get luckier the farther back we go. And we get stopped about 600 million years ago (give or take) by the lifetime of sedimentary rock, which turns into metamorphic rock (and loses its fossils) on timescales longer than that. We know that the dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years ago, and that mammals rose after that.Cheers
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Why perpetuate the false notion of missing link?!!? Why title your post like this? It is insanely misleading, sensationalized, and, in my opinion, irresponsible from a blogging scientist. Sorry ... my two cents. regards
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They look kind of strange, too long in my opinion, but these graspers are different than, say, cat claws. They are much more like modern opposable thumbs found on extant dry-nosed primates. She also had fingernails, ape-like teeth, and a body built for tree-dwelling.Cheers regards
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Posted by: Nelly | November 29, 2010 3:18 PM
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The opposable digits are on her feet instead of her hands. They look kind of strange, too long in my opinion, but these graspers are different than, say, cat claws. They are much more like modern opposable thumbs found on extant dry-nosed primates. She also had fingernails, ape-like teeth, and a body built for tree-dwelling. This looks like a good candidate for ancestry.
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They look kind of strange, too long in my opinion, but these graspers are different than, say, cat claws. They are much more like modern opposable thumbs found on extant dry-nosed primates. She also had fingernails, ape-like teeth, and a body built for tree-dwelling.
Posted by: IVAs | December 13, 2010 3:14 AM
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Observe yourself- the way your behavior changes when you change the place you live in, the people that surround you.
It is your own evolution on small scale.
thanks
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They are much more like modern opposable thumbs found on extant dry-nosed primates. She also had fingernails, ape-like teeth, and a body built for tree-dwelling thanks
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Transforming one creature into its simpler version, more adjusted into very different environmental circumstances.
Observe yourself- the way your behavior changes when you change the place you live in, the people that surround you.
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Yeah it’s interesting, but the article approaches the level of hyper-ventilating.
However, I’m sure HA resident evolution “experts” will be happy to share with us how this find is a joke, evolution is a hoax, etc, etc. As soon as I saw the article on Drudge I knew it’d be a good traffic day for HA.
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The grand claims about it being our ancestor, though, can not be upheld as true. The researchers simply did not do the work to support their case, and even if their language was more reserved in the technical paper they have gone hand-in-hand with the History Channel to create an aura of sensationalism around the fossil.
Posted by: NEWS | December 24, 2010 3:50 AM
I love all the creatures! Dogs, horses, monkey, penguins, whales...our world is so beautiful and wise!
When you think about the logic of evolution, it brings so much light into our own way toward perfection- beautiful minds!
thank you and :)*
Nicole
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Posted by: Thrush on Babies | January 13, 2011 7:51 AM
If we take a closer look, humans are great apes; we split off from them fairly recently. (And yes, there are missing links there.) Apes are primates, like dry-nosed monkeys and wet-nosed monkeys thanks
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I can say- you have got the knowledge, but you still can stay detached. a lot of respect. would be great to become friends!
All the best.
and thank you for the link
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However, I’m sure HA resident evolution “experts” will be happy to share with us how this find is a joke, evolution is a hoax, etc, etc. As soon as I saw the article on Drudge I knew it’d be a good traffic day for HA.
Posted by: presbycusis | March 16, 2011 4:06 AM
There are a lot of missing links to a lot of junk science these days. I can see how we may have evolved from something else but proving it has been a hard sell for me so far.
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I agree with BrianR, there is simply not enough evidence to claim that this species is directly related to humans. In fact, that looks like the least likely possibility.
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