Eruptions

Discovery’s Top 10 volcanoes and MSNBC’s “volcanoes by dummies”

Posted by Erik Klemetti on March 27, 2009
(79)
More »

Back in a former life, I was really into radio and music. Such an existence calls for many lists of rankings: “Best albums of 2004″, “All time greatest soul singers”, “Worst album covers of the 1980s”. And, although I love a list as much as the next person, I tend to find lists appalling. Why? Well, mostly because no “Top list” of anything is accurate, and even worse, most of the time they’re put together to generate controversy. “Wait until they see I listed Wade Boggs as the best third basemen in history!” You know, that sort of thing.

Anyway, much to my surprise (chagrin?), I recently an email proudly proclaiming the Discovery Channel’s “Top 10 Volcanoes in Geologic History” (my emphasis). OK, let us stop here for a moment. “Geologic History?” Now, how are you going to go about doing that? There are many a volcano that has been wiped clean (mostly) from the geologic record that might very well have been significant, but we only have an ash bed here, an altered pyroclastic flow deposit there, so we might miss the fact that the volcano was significant.

Well, that aside, let’s look at the list:

  1. Siberian Traps, Russia
  2. Tambora, Indonesia
  3. Olympus Mons, Mars
  4. Santorini, Greece
  5. Ra Patera, Io
  6. Krakatau, Indonesia
  7. Mauna Kea, Hawai’i
  8. Grimsvotn, Iceland
  9. Mt. Saint Helens, Washington
  10. Ontang-Java Plateau

Let us, for a moment, not get too worked up about the spatial distribution. However … Saint Helens? Grimsvotn? Santorini? Talk about cherry-picking your volcanoes. This is “geologic history” not “human history”. Saint Helens is a tiny blip that formed in the last 10,000 years for the most part. It isn’t even the most impressive Cascade volcano by a long shot, let alone “Top 10 Ever”. I think Shasta, Mazama and Rainier might take issue with the pipsqueak’s ranking.

Anyway, the point here is this list suffers from a lot of “human history” bias. Sure, these are all significant eruptions (well, minus Saint Helens again), but were is Yellowstone? Where is the Fish Canyon Tuff? Where are the multitude of giant eruptions that coat the American southwest with layers of ash? Where are any of the great Andean ignimbrites? Heck, where is Laki (if we’re talking Iceland)? This list of volcanoes from all of geologic history could go on and on and if you count extraterrestrial volcanism, well, now we’re really standing out on a limb.

So, what is missing or what should be kicked off this list?

If that list has really angried up your blood, why not wander off to MSNBC, where they have posted a handy guide to volcanism. And by handy, I mean laughably awful. How many errors or oversimplifications can you find? After this and last week’s FEMA find, you wonder why geologist exist if they don’t bother to talk to one to write these. The source for the MSNBC “guide” is AP, Reuters and the Encarta Encylopedia. They couldn’t even be bothered to get out of their seats and speak to someone who studies volcanoes and knows where the find is today. Shame on MSNBC.

Keywords: , , , , ,
(79)
More »

Comments

  1. #1 Kim
    March 27, 2009

    When I’m tempted to just give MSNBC a little partial credit for not mixing up the divergent and convergent plate boundaries, and for having all magma come from the mantle rather than from the core… well, their description is better than those of students who bomb their intro geology midterms. Is that a compliment?

    (Oh, ouch, the description of subduction makes volcanoes sound like blueschists.)

    I think I need to go read the New Orleans Times-Picayune’s discussion of ways to deal with coast subsidence, to remember that there are journalists who do an excellent job of covering the earth sciences.

  2. #2 Erik - Eruptions
    March 27, 2009

    This will obviously show my bias, but I am always most bugged by the MSNBC-like guides that imply that all magma comes directly from the mantle, shooting up through the crust to erupt. Yes, the source of magmas in subduction zones is the upper-most mantle/lower crust, but the magmas formed there are usually changed on the way up thanks to assimilation, storage, homogenization and all the lovely things the crustal filter does.

    Then again, there are a lot of people who don’t believe in the crust anyway.

  3. #3 Starwatcher16253647
    March 27, 2009

    “Then again, there are a lot of people who don’t believe in the crust anyway.”

    There are?

  4. #4 Erik - Eruptions
    March 27, 2009

    Sorry, I guess I should clarify: They don’t believe the crust means much, in terms of magma evolution – i.e., you can generate silicic lavas like andesite and dacite directly from the mantle.

  5. #5 Boris Behncke
    March 27, 2009

    We do have a bunch of comments (some from names that you might know from the world of volcanology) on the Discovery “volcano hit parade”, which you can read here:
    http://blogs.discovery.com/earth/2009/03/alltime-top-volcanoes-the-writeins.html?cid=151643869#comments
    I haven’t been as harsh in my comment Erik but essentially you do say it. But then, not everybody can be volcanologists, right? Only that I would never dare expressing myself about technical details regarding, who knows, the stock market. If public outreach primarily involved the specialists, we’d get somewhere – especially since we (meaning, volcanologists and geoscientists in general) have become quite good at it in the past few years.
    Thanks for your excellent blog in any case, great battle for keeping the interested public informed the correct way!

  6. #6 Dr. Kate
    March 27, 2009

    I always enjoy the ones that imply any of the following:

    a) the mantle is made of magma, or contains significant amounts of magma (the MSNBC piece makes this error)
    b) the plates “float”–i.e., they’re solid things on top of a liquid (see a)
    c) the lava in most subduction-zone volcanoes forms when the subducting crust melts (again, MSNBC gets this wrong too)

    Those three are my particular pet peeves.

  7. #7 Edward
    March 27, 2009

    Is it just me, or is Toba not mentioned?

  8. #8 ScienceWoman
    March 27, 2009

    I’d pick the field of volcanoes producing the Columbia River Basalts as way more significant than Grimsvotn or St. Helens any day. (And as you may recall, I’m partial to Grimsvotn.)

  9. #9 Mariek
    March 27, 2009

    Who could argue with Olympus Mons, as it is the largest volcano in our solar system? It is the size of Arizona! But the caldera complex at Blake River in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Ontario is similar in size the caldera of Olympus Mons! Sure, it’s Precambrian, but Discovery is ranking the top volcanoes of “geologic time.” Supervolcanoes are not limited to the Quaternary!

    My top ten: 1- Olympus Mons; 2- Blake River Megacaldera Complex; 3- Laki; 4- Katmai; 5-Toba; 6- Yellowstone; 7- Taupo; 8- Krakatau (any volcano that can inspire art like The Scream is way cool); 9- Ontang-Java Plateau; 10-Mauna Kea

  10. #10 Erik - Eruptions
    March 27, 2009

    Now we’re talking! Precambrian volcanism! That is when we still had komatiites. Now, those would be impressive eruptions.

  11. #11 George
    March 27, 2009

    By definition 50% of the population is below the median intelligence level. MSNBC would be ecstatic with a 10% market share. That should explain it well enough.

    Stuff I would have on there would be the eruption in 535 of Krakatau (they are probably listing the one in the 19th century) which kicked off the Dark Ages.

    I would also list the Campanian eruption some 40,000 years ago. Long Valley Caldera is missing. It would have been more significant than St. Helens. It’s all about attracting eyeballs to advertising, really, and not much about educating people.

  12. #12 Erik - Eruption
    March 27, 2009

    One other glaring omission: Taupo, New Zealand. Specifically, the Oruanui eruption 26,500 years ago was a whopping 530 cubic kilometers!

  13. #13 Chris
    March 27, 2009

    I teach an introductory university geology class that focuses on the natural hazards and their relation to plate tectonics, and at the beginning of my first time doing this course, I was shocked at the misconceptions, the most common being that the mantle is 100% liquid, and volcanoes are places where liquid mantle seeps up through cracked crust. On tests, 25% of my students still think the mantle is liquid. The media has conditioned them that this is truth, and the instinctively say so even though they have learned otherwise.

    I know where these misconceptions come from and am no longer surprised by them, but the media dishonours me, and all teachers of all sciences by not seeking to put their mostly oversimplified story in a context of oversimplification, leading the reader to understand that the explanations they are being given are not 100% accurate. There’s no shame in knowing that it takes at least a semester-long university course to fully understand the state of scientific knowledge on any topic, and even that isn’t the whole story.

    It’s no wonder that most scientists either give interviews with great trepidation, or deny an inverview request. That is actually a good theory as to why the laughable MSNBC thing has no actual scientist as a source.

  14. #14 Kim
    March 27, 2009

    At least some magma comes from the mantle. (Even leaving out subduction zones… Hawaii? Mid-ocean ridges?) When I ask for a show of hands early in intro classes, some significant number of students – maybe even as much as a third of the class – think it comes from the core. (I don’t think most of the students believe that magma can come from the crust, even when they’re told that some does.)

  15. #15 Lassi Hippeläinen
    March 28, 2009

    From human history point of view, southern Italy has a whole cluster of top class volcanoes. Vesuvius; Etna; Stromboli has been erupting for millennia so reliably that its use as a lighthouse goes back to the days of the Etruscans; and Volcano, the namesake of them all.

    But if you go for sheer size, the Deccan Traps should be pretty high on the list. They may even have messed up the climate so bad that they contributed to the mass extinctions at the K/T boundary.

  16. #16 gg
    March 29, 2009

    I’ve never bothered with top 10 anything. Just like the whole load of top 10 lists for last millenium, it’s a popularity contest: meaningless in the end.

  17. #17 Lance
    March 29, 2009

    “Saint Helens is a tiny blip that formed in the last 10,000 years for the most part. It isn’t even the most impressive Cascade volcano by a long shot, let alone “Top 10 Ever”. I think Shasta, Mazama and Rainier might take issue with the pipsqueak’s ranking.”

    Ouch! That hurt my MSH pride a bit! It was witnessing the 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens which motivated me to become a geologist in the first place.

    Stepping back a bit, you are correct. I too would not place MSH on a top ten list of any kind. Perhaps they were referring to the 1479 eruption of Mount St Helens? That event was a VEI 6 and Native Americans were around to witness the event.

    I agree with you about Mazama, but you would place Shasta and Rainier before Mount St Helens? No way! Beyond this being a case of regional pride, the best Rainier have done lately is a VEI 3 and Shasta, a VEI 4.

    Okay, perhaps it is more of a case of regional pride.

  18. #18 Cherish
    March 30, 2009

    Erik, why don’t you come up with your own top 10 list?

  19. #19 Vince
    March 31, 2009

    This is a really great top ten list. Is that not a picture of Crater Lake, which I think should be included. I would have also included Mt. Fuji. Anyone can post their own to our site http://www.toptentopten.com/. The coolest feature is you can let other people vote on the rankings of your list.

  20. #20 Alan Boyle
    April 8, 2009

    Please feel free to write me directly if you see anything on the MSNBC Web site relating to science coverage (including volcanoes) that you think could be improved. I might actually be able to do something about it. You can write to alan (dot) boyle (at) msnbc (dot) com. I’ll be away from keyboard for a few days, unfortunately, but I think we’d be able to fix any interactive guides that need to be amended in time for the next blow-up. All the best, Alan Boyle, science editor, MSNBC.

  21. #21 Fitzpatrick
    July 23, 2009

    You have a very nice blog here, Sir.
    Perhaps you or one of your readers can help me? Im looking for video footage/pictures of the following volcanic features:
    Dotsero Crater and La Garita Caldera in Colorado
    Emory and Valles Caldera in New Mexico
    Buckhorn and Paisano Calderas, and the Solitaro in W Texas

    My objective is to make a 1 hour TV show or pilot on relatively unknown volcanos in America.
    Any assistance or advice on this project would be appreciated and credited.
    PS – good luck on your move to Ohio. I expect your interests will soon include failed rifts as well as magma.

  22. #22 mike don
    July 24, 2009

    “Where is Laki if we’re talking Iceland”…isn’t Laki now considered to be part of the Grimsvotn magmatic ‘system’ which would make sense of Grimsvotn’s inclusion. If the list had been ‘most significant in HUMAN history’ then Pelee 1902 would have to be in there (maybe it could replace St Helens in the original list?) because it more or less kick-started volcanology as a separate scientific discipline

  23. #23 erin
    December 8, 2009

    wow!!!!!!!!! lots of scientist commented on here what up with that????

  24. #24 Ronald
    March 18, 2010

    Wouldnt olympus mons make the list too? i meen when has it’s last eruptin been and why is it really considered a “volcano”

  25. #25 Kate Garo
    December 9, 2010

    What an ridiculous assortment of properly accomplished articles, it feels like now-a-days everyone is just copy/pasting and stealing content material on a regular basis, but I guess there’s still hope in honest blogging.

  26. #26 cougar dating
    December 14, 2010

    I’m still learning from you, while I’m trying to reach my goals. I definitely love reading all that is written on your blog.Keep the information coming. I loved it!

  27. #27 Jerrell Rushe
    December 17, 2010

    Good website! I am going to take a decent amount of time to entertain this points!

  28. #28 Earth 4 Energy ebook
    January 3, 2011

    Never worry about the outcome that you’re going to get thanks to looking at Earth4Energy Go through on the net will open your eyes to the fact that that is the guide that may give the most effective system there is in order that you can ultimately go off the grid. It must be noted also that that is the guide whom is easiest to follow. Whenever looking at the price of supplies that you should spare in generating the system, the writer estimates that it’ll merely revolve around $100 to $ This price is definitely a steal if you place it side by side to the price of getting an expert who will set up the system for you. In fact, the amount of hiring a professional solar system installer will even run to thousands of dollars!

  29. #29 buy Lead Net Pro
    January 7, 2011

    In most cases, companies are not leveraging email marketing and pr to drive successful campaigns.  Entrepreneurs carry on see email marketing campaigns as a solitary strategy that has a fixed effect on the goals of their campaigns.  The most monstrous example of that is the insufficient integration between databases, website, and email marketing strategies campaigns.   A city enterprise owner has a limited measure of hours in a day and a fixed quantity of resources.  However, many of their situation do not streamline the prospective customer acquisition method to work together.  If the systems were integrated, an identical scenario may be applied to big firms that employ or utilize 3 multiple employees to carry out the occupation of a solitary e-mail promoting professional. Simply put, the web site form does populate to the database, and neither of these immediately feed to the email promoting and marketing system.  In general, this can be a guide procedure that costs commercial enterprises time, resource, and money. 

  30. #30 Earth4Energy review
    January 12, 2011

    How, for god’s sake can certainly somebody produce cost-free energy? This can be against the very basic regulation of thermodynamics that is “energy cannot be made or destroyed, solely revised in form.” So, the promoter of above mentioned DIY power product is claiming something regarded as hopeless within known bodily boundaries.

  31. #31 Shane Mcmahill
    January 15, 2011

    What a great pile of presents Honey! And I can see you were very excited about all of them (who wouldnt be?). Of course you could do the dog brick. Ive got the tornado toy which I figured out pretty quickly. Anything to get more treats. Im glad you enjoyed your presents.

  32. #32 network marketing distributor agreement
    January 15, 2011

    The fact is that almost each company applies email promotional to communicate with customers.  Unfortunately, not each business takes the time and energy to consider possibilities to combine technologies, test, or measure their results.  These are basic elementary business concerns techniques that should be gone.  The ability to establish internal processes and best measures are crucial to every business’s success. 

  33. #33 Jamorama book
    January 18, 2011

    The main thrust of the lessons is to get you playing guitar?in a hurry. All people wants to check out outcome soon, and this delivers. It?s been put jointly by a professional musician and instructor who desires you to be in a position to play fast. The course also has been fabricated toward that end.

  34. #34 Sonic Producer Pro rip off
    January 18, 2011

    I can’t say I used to be actually amazed though. And I was moreover ok with it. I imply which sort can you truly anticipate for a plan that charges far less then $30? Do not try to make it something it is really not. If you would like a recording studio sort situation, you will might want to shell out many of dollars. Even if that turn into on the computer software to run things, or the sounds itself.

  35. #35 Sonic Producer software
    January 19, 2011

    Isn’t that great? You’ll find no limits to the amount of beats that you can produce with this software. One greater factor about using this computer software to provide your beats is that every beats are royalty cost-free and can be employed in any method that that you simply like. In other words, you may even market the beats that you simply made to the public and maintain all the profits.

  36. #36 Erica Redfield
    January 20, 2011

    All the money is going to the Corporations and Top 1%, That’s the REAL problem with this country.

  37. #37 Earth4Energy rip off
    January 22, 2011

    Another great thing about the Earth4Energy ebook solar plans, is that they defined the way to make the system transportable – which we was considered to power our RV.

  38. #38 Roy Thepbanthao
    January 30, 2011

    Very entertaining. Thanks for posting this:-)

  39. #39 Stephanie Pratt
    February 6, 2011

    Great internet site – But I think there may be one thing wrong with the feed. Just wanted to let you know.

  40. #40 Send Greeting Card To William And Kate
    April 15, 2011

    I am not sure where you are getting your info, but great topic. I needs to spend some time learning more or understanding more. Thanks for wonderful information I was looking for this info for my mission.

  41. #41 apple ipad 2 32gb
    May 18, 2011

    To say Apple’s iPad 2 is an easy tablet to review is somewhat of the understatement. The device, a post disaster to past year’s quite successful (as well as currently market-defining) apple ipad, is nearly equivalent when it comes to application, and though improved upon, closely related on the hardware side as well. With a Hunting for.7-inch, 1024 a 768 display, the overall size and shape with the device has always been the same, reality inside there’s a new combined core A5 Processor, more memory, and a pair of fresh cameras, a lot of the iPad 2′s adjustments are cosmetic. Still, the first sort tablet leaped far above almost all of its opponents when this came to the products both the components (if not their raw specs) and its software program selection — anything Apple even now stands brain and shoulder blades over it’s adversaries on. And this new product, a thinner, sleeker, more rapidly variant with the original is probably not breaking a lot of new ground, but it’s already at the front of the pack. Nevertheless is the apple ipad 2 really worth an upgrade promptly took the particular plunge within the first technology? More importantly, really does the device possess what it takes to take new managers into the fold? Those concerns — and more — are only concerned with to be clarified in the total review, therefore read on!

  42. #42 win an ipad
    June 1, 2011

    Blimey, with all these recent natural disasters, the list of volcanos scares me!

  43. #43 weber gas grills
    June 5, 2011

    First, is individuals observing the specific Rss plus second of all what precisely can’t My wife and i? I must say i need to boost audience in this case that being said may any one point me to the correct feed?

  44. #44 Essie Preusser
    June 18, 2011

    Hi the info on this blog is just amazing it keeps me coming back time and time again ,personallythis site has helped me through some very tough funerals so i couldnt like it any more i have done my best to to word out about this blog as i feel that others need to read this thng ,Thanks for all the time spent in making this fabulous blog ! ok,nice one

  45. #45 Charlie Boros
    June 28, 2011

    Shit up mark Radcliffe n play the music!!

  46. #46 Shaquita Heft
    June 30, 2011

    Well I have absolutely NO problem with keeping the battlefield combatants in GitMo and deal with them in the court system: military tribunals The law provision should never apply to the average American citizen. Granting constitutional status to people from another country is probably un-constitutional. I believe that just like the Bible is written to the christian the US Constitution was written to and for the US citizen. Believe it or not we are and have been at war for years. We had been attacked more than once here and abroad over the last 20+ years and nobody before W had the balls to do anything about it. Then our wonderful news media who has been in the tank for the likes of Obama, Clinton and any far left representative and senator trashed Bush and brought about the Bush Derangement Syndrome.With the Big O we are all going to lose our rights. Alert: why are concentration camps going to be built and what about the troops to help out the National Guard that are most likely getting training on how to quell civil unrest?!

  47. #47 Jogging
    July 14, 2011

    It is the best time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be happy. I have read this post and if I could I wish to suggest you few interesting things or tips. Maybe you can write next articles referring to this article. I wish to read more things about it!

  48. #48 rentenvosorge
    July 17, 2011

    Ich würde müssen test mit Ihnen hier. Was nicht eins I oft zu tun! I genießen lesen a submit Mai machen Leute denken. Zusätzlich, vielen Dank für erlaubt mir Bemerkung!

  49. #49 dc limo service
    July 21, 2011

    Magnificent goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff previous to and you’re just extremely wonderful. I really like what you have acquired here, really like what you’re saying and the way in which you say it. You make it entertaining and you still care for to keep it smart. I cant wait to read much more from you. This is really a tremendous site.

  50. #50 Why Am I Not Losing Weight
    July 26, 2011

    Thank you for the auspicious writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it. Look advanced to more added agreeable from you! However, how could we communicate?

  51. #51 mypadmedia book list
    August 13, 2011

    I don’t know the key to success, but the key to failure is trying to please everybody.

  52. #52 Scotty Holmes
    August 20, 2011

    Hi, many thanks for the amazing post. Actually, just about 7 weeks ago I started using the web and became an web user and came on-line for the first time, and I have found that a huge amount of crap out there. I love that you have put out remarkable information that is straightforward and well-written. I wish you all and thanks for the wonderful hints.

  53. #53 Faviola Wyandt
    August 21, 2011

    Your blog is extremely good. I found from google. I will back sooner or later. Many thanks I already save your site.

  54. #54 Catrice Scherer
    August 21, 2011

    Why are you writing about this topic, i mean it’s interesting but you could be more precisely.

  55. #55 Isaias Morck
    August 27, 2011

    My brother suggested I might like this web site. He was entirely right. This post actually made my day. You can not imagine just how much time I had spent for this information! Thanks!

  56. #56 Aaron
    August 28, 2011

    Great blog, it’s keeping me from getting anything done. I’ll be keeping an eye out for new articles.

  57. #57 Panasonic GH2 review
    August 31, 2011

    Haha thats my planl 2 get him back less than a month or 2. I think itll work cause I know/thinks he still likes me and when I hanq with

  58. #58 mari
    September 6, 2011

    I checked out his Twitter page, and I can’t even read it. I’m not totally sure the guy was even speaking English. How can you have a “Twitter war” with someone with such poor communication skills? o_0

  59. #59 Nenas Lindas
    September 8, 2011

    Sanchez will NOT be traded for all the reasons people have articulated on here 100s of times. He is MADDENING, troublesome, seems to have shi**y attitude, struggles at times with every part of his game. We would trade him on her.you and othersbut the Giants trade him here in 2011?

  60. #60 Anette Echelberger
    September 10, 2011

    It is superb article ! I just love’d it !

  61. #61 Thalia Tosten
    September 15, 2011

    Wow! I can’t understand why I didn’t find out abot this this earlier, excellent job.

  62. #62 Josh
    September 16, 2011

    Thnkx

  63. #63 invest liberty reserve
    September 19, 2011

    Thanks for sharing Discovery’s Top 10 volcanoes and MSNBC’s “volcanoes by dummies” : Eruptions with us keep update bro love your article about Discovery’s Top 10 volcanoes and MSNBC’s “volcanoes by dummies” : Eruptions .

  64. #64 Winston Pauls
    September 19, 2011

    Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive read something like this before. So good to seek out somebody with some unique ideas on this subject. realy thanks for beginning this up. this web site is something that’s needed on the internet, someone with a bit of originality. helpful job for bringing one thing new to the web!

  65. #65 pay day
    September 22, 2011

    That of a crap. How could you call it any website. Affect the theme, therefore it is going to be a lot more interesting

  66. #66 Pflanzen Versand
    September 24, 2011

    super eiden mit ateweis und osthext korha, sehr hrichtsnu und rfeilt. lytaug schon trobliten hat tzten, meimlisch und schla mit dackt.

  67. #67 Marketing, reklama
    September 29, 2011

    I wish to show my appreciation to you just for rescuing me from such a condition. After surfing around throughout the online world and finding tips which are not powerful, I was thinking my entire life was over. Existing devoid of the strategies to the issues you have solved by way of your guideline is a crucial case, as well as ones that might have in a wrong way affected my entire career if I had not come across your web page. Your primary ability and kindness in dealing with all the details was helpful. I’m not sure what I would’ve done if I hadn’t discovered such a step like this. I can also at this point look forward to my future. Thanks for your time very much for this skilled and amazing guide. I will not hesitate to propose the blog to any individual who needs to have support on this topic.

  68. #68 buy sony ps vita
    September 29, 2011

    Awesome! these volcanos are monsters awaiting to erupt. Lets hope they don’t :-(

  69. #69 Sari Marquez
    October 2, 2011

    INTERESTD IN KNOWING WHEN AND WHERE OPEN TRYOUTS WILL BE FOR THIS LEAGUE

  70. #70 девушки на работу
    October 6, 2011

    I added your blog to bookmarks. And i’ll read your articles more often! Before this, it would be possible for the government to arrest you just based on whatever you were saying, if they didn’t like it.

  71. #71 Steel Piping
    October 17, 2011

    子曰学而实习之,哺育了乎!

  72. #72 Melvin Goodvin
    October 17, 2011

    Just wanted to let you know that the RSS feed button isn’t working Don’t know why I was unable to subscribe with it. Has anyone else had this problem? Thanks.

  73. #73 Baju Muslim
    November 5, 2011

    baju muslim

  74. #74 Pradas sneakers
    November 8, 2011

    Time to oust all commies from government.

  75. #75 Duct Tape
    November 10, 2011

    Thank you for the good writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it. Look advanced to more added agreeable from you! By the way, how can we communicate?

  76. #76 penis enhancement
    November 11, 2011

    “Great, thanks for sharing this article post.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.”

  77. #77 how to heal a sprained ankle
    November 13, 2011

    Excellent post. I was checking continuously this blog and I am impressed! Very helpful info specially the last part :) I care for such information a lot. I was seeking this particular information for a very long time. Thank you and good luck.

  78. #78 wohnungen augsburg
    November 14, 2011

    Ich war mehr als glücklich zu finden dieser net -site.I wollte dank für Ihre diese glorreiche Sprachreisen! I unzweifelhaft genießen jedes kleine bisschen und ich Zum einen Blick at neue Slideshows Sie weblog schreiben.

  79. #79 update my computer
    November 26, 2011

    Your article is always adorable. Thanks for this nice article. It’ll be quite useful to keep in mind all these tips.