A 2010 FINS paper from Cohen et al. demonstrates that multivariate patterns in neural recruitment during response inhibition across the brain are significantly predictive of response inhibition ability and age of the scanned subject, and shows that other factors (such as response variability and reaction times) cannot be similarly predicted from the same data.
Cohen et al asked twenty-seven 9-19 year-olds and nine 25-30 year-olds to complete a standard "stop signal" task. On 75% of trials ("Go trials") this task is identical to a 2-choice reaction time task (i.e., as quickly as possible…
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