Policy
tsmith | September 14, 2006The new vaccine against the human papilloma virus is something I've discussed a time or ten here. Reaction to the vaccine by many religious groups has morphed with time, from outright resistance to a more common stance right now that they're accepting of the vaccine, but don't want it to be mandatory. Well...
Michigan legislation would require girls to get HPV vaccine
Michigan girls entering the sixth grade next year would have to be vaccinated against cervical cancer under legislation backed Tuesday by a bipartisan group of female lawmakers.
The legislation is the first of its kind in the…
tsmith | September 4, 2006Last week I mentioned how poverty and poor health go hand-in-hand. The United Nations is well aware of this fact, and has a number of lofty goals they're encouraging countries all over the world to work toward:
Goal 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
Goal 2. Achieve Universal Primary Education
Goal 3. Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Goal 4. Reduce Child Mortality
Goal 5. Improve Maternal Health
Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
Goal 7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Goal 8. Develop a Global Partnership for Development
I also wrote previously how many…
tsmith | August 31, 2006... Poverty and poor health are intertwined, experts say
So, yeah, the headline is a no-brainer, but the article is worth reading and makes many good points--and notes that fewer and fewer of us can say that "poverty doesn't affect us":
An analysis of poverty rates and health published in the September issue of The American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that people living in extreme poverty tend to have more chronic illnesses, more frequent and severe disease complications and make greater demands on the health care system.
"When we talk about poverty, there is the tendency to feel it…
tsmith | August 28, 2006 Tomorrow marks the first anniversary of the landfall of Hurricane Katrina. coturnix and others are collecting strories from around the blogosphere on the aftermath in New Orleans and elsewhere; the cleanup effort (still ongoing, barely begun in some areas); rebuilding (likewise; lagging far behind where even many pessimists thought it would be by this time); and moving back into the area (not an option for many). The area, it seems, will never be the same.
I've discussed problems with disaster preparedness previously on this blog; therefore, I won't use this as another soapbox to discuss…
tsmith | August 25, 2006Seed's Jacob Klein has a video up from his time at the AIDS conference last week: link. It includes short interviews with Kay and Rick Warren, evangelical Christians and founders of Saddleback Church, the grandaddy of all mega-churches. (Warren is also the author of The Purpose-Driven Life, which I've admittedly not read). It's interesting to hear their views, but as noted in this SF Gate article, there's still a lot of skepticism about their motivations and methods. (For example, while they discuss treatment and dealing the HIV, they don't pass out condoms, and their ABC's emphasize "…
tsmith | August 21, 2006I blogged previously on the potential of bacteriophage, viruses that infect--and often kill--bacteria, in treating bacterial infections that are resistant to our current antibiotics. This is an area that's really just opening up, and while there is a lot of promise, there are also a significant number of obstacles. One thing I didn't mention, however, was the potential of bacteriophage for other public health measures--such as a bacteriocidal food additive.
(More below)
A mix of bacteria-killing viruses can be safely sprayed on cold cuts, hot dogs and sausages to combat common microbes…
tsmith | August 19, 2006Razib over at Gene Expression has an excellent post* about cultural issues affecting HIV and circumcision, elaborating on Lindsay's mention here of the limitations of trying to increase circumcision as a way to reduce viral spread:
There was a strong undercurrent of resistance to the approach throughout the session. It finally erupted during the question period. One man asked the panelists whether they considered circumcision a form of mutilation, and what kind of counseling or support services they would put in place to offset the traumatic effects of the surgery? When Auvert pointed out…
tsmith | August 19, 2006One catchphrase that permeated the conference this past week was "scaling up." I just want to wrap up my posting here with a brief discussion of what that is, and what that means as far as HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment.
Readers who are scientists or who have some kind of science background will probably be famililar with the concept of a "pilot study." This is a study, generally small in scale, where new ideas are tested, and preliminary data are gathered. For example, a pilot study looking at how the ABCs of prevention work may take 100 individuals and split them into two groups: 50…
tsmith | August 17, 2006 If one thing has been hammered home this week (and, indeed, over the past 25 years) regarding HIV/AIDS, it's that prevention is key. Treatments, while improving, are still a distant second place to preventing primary infection as far as the fight against AIDS goes, and a large portion of the world's HIV-infected population still has no access to these treatments. Prevention, therefore, is critical. And while the condom has become the symbol for HIV prevention, strategies go far beyond that tool.
Over at WebMD, they have a nice summary of many of the key points from this week's…
tsmith | August 17, 2006This week's issue of the New England Journal of Medicine contains two articles on AIDS that are available free of charge.
The first article, Changing the Paradigm for HIV Testing -- The End of Exceptionalism, goes over content I blogged about here, discussing moving toward a more universal testing paradigm. The article focuses on issues specifically in the United States, but certainly many of the points have broad applicability.
The second article, AIDS in 2006 -- Moving toward One World, One Hope? is a broad overview of the lessons learned and problems still faced regarding HIV therapy…
tsmith | August 16, 2006 In the United States, approximately a third of those who are HIV-positive don't even realize it. Worldwide, that number can be much higher. Because of this, and because those who don't know their HIV status can play a large role in continuing to spread the virus, in recent years, there has been an increased push for more universal HIV testing, in order to decrease this percentage unaware of their HIV status, and theoretically, reduce spread of the virus. But is this a good idea, and how exactly would and should it be accomplished? This was the topic of discussion at a session titled…
tsmith | August 15, 2006I've blogged previously about the massive effect vaccines against the human papilloma virus (HPV) could have. HPV is a common sexually-transmitted virus. Though most strains are harmless, a few have the potential to cause cervical cancer. Therefore, the HPV vaccine will be the first one ever specifically intended to prevent a type of cancer.
This vaccine has recently been approved by the FDA, and is set to roll out shortly. This is already expected to be a rather contentious issue as the vaccine is rolled out in the U.S. and elsewhere, as one target group for vaccination is adolescents…
tsmith | August 15, 2006 There's been quite a bit of discussion in the news lately about how safe we are (or aren't) in the light of the recent terror arrests in the UK. As we approach the 5-year anniversary of the 9/11 attacks, many changes have been made in the name of protecting us from terrorism. Some of them, including adding additional first responders and public health workers (and preparing them for a variety of emergency situations) are good in theory, but have been sorely underfunded. Other measures, unfortunately, are little more than theater as Revere suggests, including the current focus on your…
tsmith | August 14, 2006While Lindsay give the quote of the night to Bill Gates and much of the coverage in the press this morning focuses on his talk of microbicides, his wife Melinda spent much of her time discussing the stigma that comes with being diagnosed with HIV. She discussed how political figures won't accompany her when she goes out to discuss the virus with sex workers, and how many women in AIDS hospices have been abandoned even by their own families.
Stigma makes it easier for political leaders to stand in the way of saving lives....This is a serious obstacle to ending AIDS. In the fight against…
tsmith | August 10, 2006I wrote several posts on mumps outbreak here in Iowa this past spring. However, we aren't the only I-state to have dealt recently with an outbreak of vaccine-preventable disease. An editorial in yesterday's New York Times highlights the dangers of withholding vaccincations.
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In the spring of 2005, an outbreak of measles occurred in Indiana. The unvaccinated index case had been traveling in Romania on a missionary trip, where she picked up the virus. Measles is one of the most infectious viruses we know of, and when she returned home, she ended up spreading the virus…
tsmith | August 9, 2006And the winner of today's bad headline award goes to:
Sexual lyrics prompt teens to have sex
Teens whose iPods are full of music with raunchy, sexual lyrics start having sex sooner than those who prefer other songs, a study found.
Whether it's hip-hop, rap, pop or rock, much of popular music aimed at teens contains sexual overtones. Its influence on their behavior appears to depend on how the sex is portrayed, researchers found.
Songs depicting men as "sex-driven studs," women as sex objects and with explicit references to sex acts are more likely to trigger early sexual behavior than those…
tsmith | July 31, 2006Good timing. Just Friday we were discussing limits on biological knowledge, particularly in regard to bioterrorism and the potential for information to fall into the wrong hands (or be used for the "wrong" purposes). Today, msnbc.com has an article discussing this exact issue:
Eckard Wimmer knows of a shortcut terrorists could someday use to get their hands on the lethal viruses that cause Ebola and smallpox. He knows it exceptionally well, because he discovered it himself.
In 2002, the German-born molecular geneticist startled the scientific world by creating the first live, fully…
tsmith | July 31, 2006I was busy over the weekend (and disgusted by the hot, nasty weather that will not die), so I don't have a lot on tap for today. Luckily, though, there's some interesting stuff elsewhere that's already written up--thoughtfully saving me some of the trouble.
I discuss the link between infectious and "chronic" disease with some regularity on this site. I think it's a fascinating area; perhaps oversold by some, perhaps over-criticized by others, but certainly a hot topic and an interesting direction for research in microbiology. This weekend's New York Times had a new story that touched on…
tsmith | July 29, 2006More fascinating topics I didn't get around to:
Orac disses a report linking Ipods to autism. Really. He also has the low-down on snake oil salesman Kevin Trudeau's unbelievable new book. You think having a few people on a blog deny the germ theory is bad; it's even worse when an author who'll sell millions of books does so.
Carl Zimmer has an excellent post discussing circuits and evolution, and even touching on network theory.
Joseph wonders about the gender gap in academic medicine.
The Bad Astronomer asks, is the government trying to kill us?
Dr. Charles gives the details on a…
tsmith | July 28, 2006Chuck Darwin posed a very good question here that I'm spinning off into a new discussion.
The work Taubenberger and others are doing on the evolution of influenza a century ago is fascinating and could very well be pertinent to prediciting future influenza virus genetic drift/shift, host-virus interactions, etc. However, I ask myself if the benefits of this work for future public health, as well as for general scientific interest, is worth the risks when it comes to biosecurity. With reverse genetics methods introduced a few years ago, any influenza virus can be generated through relatively…