Neonatal mortality at home and around the world

Grand Rounds has eaten up most of my blog time for today, but I do want to direct you to this article on neonatal mortality in the United States and globally. Not good news for the U.S. and the UK--we're tied for the bottom of industrialized countries. The numbers, overally, are terrible:

Each year, according to the report, more than a half-million women die as a result of pregnancy and childbirth difficulties, 2 million babies die within their first 24 hours -- more than 5,000 deaths a day -- 2 million more die within their first month and 3 million are stillborn.

It's a brief article, but they highlight some of the good and some of the bad. Clearly, we all have much room for improvement.

Image from http://www.pregnancy-leads-to-new-babies.com/images/newborn-baby-pictur…

More like this

One of the Millennium Development Goals -- a set of goals to improve global well-being by 2015 -- is to reduce by two-thirds the mortality rate of children under age five. The good news for MDG progress is that the under-five mortality rate has been cut nearly in half, from 90 deaths per 1,000 live…
Officials from G8 countries will be gathering in Toronto next month, and scientific bodies from the eight countries (e.g., the Royal Society of Canada and US National Academy of Science) have developed a joint statement about what the G8 should do improve the health of women in children. They begin…
Worldwide, the numbers of children who die before their fifth birthdays is on the decline. Still, millions of children are being lost to diseases and complications that are completely preventable. In a study published earlier this week in the Lancet, researchers examined the reasons behind the 6.3…
It is a truism of public health that America suffers from an abnormally high rate of infant mortality. Western Europe and Japan all have substantially lower rates of infant death, a fact which is normally attributed to our poor pre-natal care. But these comparisons, like so many international…

Before folks start jumping on the U.S.-bashing bandwagon that's painted "Infant Mortality", let's take a closer look at the numbers.

The top 5 leading causes of infant death in 2002 were as follows:

Congenital Malformations (20%)
Disorders relating short gestation and unspecified low birth weight (17%)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (8%)
Newborns affected by maternal complications of pregnancy (6%)
Newborns affected by complications of placenta, cord, and membranes (4%)

Source: Pediatrics 117(1):168-183)

The top two causes can be accounted for entirely by the usual custom and practice in the U.S. to deliver fetuses with obvious congenital anomalies and extremely low birth weights and to count them as live births. In other countries this is often neither usual nor customary.

The third cause, SIDS, is at least partially preventable via back-to-sleep (and maybe pacifiers). It is not yet known what the "background" rate of SIDS is, if there is one.

The last two are obstetrical causes. Word to the wise for the home-birth crowd.

This remains the best country in the world if you want to be born.

best,

Flea

Very good points, and the article does (albeit very briefly) mention the differences cultural practices play in the determination of rankings and statistics, which would include the definition of what constitutes a live birth. Have a question for you--do you know what they use to define "unspecified low birth weight"? I don't see it in the Peds article on brief glance. "Short gestation and low birth weight" seems to me an awful broad category.

Tara,

It's a way of saying "we know the baby is a premie and low-birth weight but we have no record of gestational age or birth weight".

Flea

oooh look comment spam! I want to kill whoever invented that.

Here's a skeptic's thought. The UK with their abysmal healthcare this probably does not apply to, but here in the US those who would A. not survive, B. be infertile, or C. just in general be unhealthy are much better taken care of than many other places around the world.

This is pure speculation, but the fact that people with already 'weak constitutions' (being intentionally vague here) not only can live full adult lives (or at least into adulthood) but are able to conceive, may play a role here.

There is plenty of evidence for increased infant mortality in women with any number of conditions which are nuisances with modern medical care but life-threatening without it.

I've heard that couples who are unable to conceive without medical intervention are more likely to have babies with various problems once they seek infertility, for instance. Never seen a paper on it, but seen a few news releases about it, and had it mentioned to me by a couple of OB/GYN's

Sorry, that was formless and ill-stated, but hopefully someone can pick up on what I was saying and actually make the coherent statement that I intended to make.

IndianCowboy,

I'm guessing your are a ranch hand at Brokeback Mountain. That was not comment spam you dork.

By NobleSavage (not verified) on 09 May 2006 #permalink

Sorry, Noble, didn't mean to cast aspersions on your character. I saw what looked like an advert for something and jumped to a conclusion (i get over 150 comment spams per day...and only 70 visitors! wtf? So I really hate comment spam).

And no, I am not a ranch hand at Brokeback Mountain. I was chief monkey wrangler at an animal sanctuary for a while.

But yes, I am indeed a dork.

I think low birth weight is an infant <2500 g and short gestation is <37 weeks. CDC describes <2500 g as "low birth weight" and <1500 g as "very low birth weight." I'm not positive about how short "short gestation" is.

I think low birth weight is an infant under 2500 g and short gestation is less than 37 weeks. CDC uses less than 2500 g as "low birth weight" and less than 1500 g as "very low birth weight." I'm not positive about how short "short gestation" is.

This is pure speculation, but the fact that people with already 'weak constitutions' (being intentionally vague here) not only can live full adult lives (or at least into adulthood) but are able to conceive, may play a role here.

I doubt that people with 'weak constitutions' are significantly more likely to survive and conceive in the US than list-topping Scandinavia, for example.

I have heard what Windy posted, too. Some countries do not count as live births babies under a certain weight OR length...! So they are documented stillborn. Sp because we do more with premies and very sick babies and document them "properly" our stats appear even highter.

Additionally, I am sure as I read that stats in (especially so-called Third World countries, and perhaps others) these stats are under-reported, but a HUGE number.

Hh