Herschel Space Observatory - Time Magazine's Best Inventions (video)

If I had to name the single biggest invention of the 20th century I'd have to give the nod to the transistor. Without that we'd wouldn't have the cheap computers we have today, without cheap computing we wouldn't have the times for genetic sequencing being reduced every year.

And without transistors we wouldn't have a satellite at a LaGrange point beaming information back to us. Imagine trying to do this with vacuum tubes!