Thermal expansion of water in a pool

I already talked about increasing the temperature of a pool. My father commented that he thought the pool level rose by like half an inch when the temperature increased (by about 10 degrees F). So, this leaves the question: Is my father crazy, or is this possible? Or are both true?

Does water expand when it warms up? Yes, except when it melts. Why does this happen? Liquids are actually very complicated, but here is a basic answer. Take a look at this PhET gas simulator, I know it is for gases not liquids. I think we can make it behave like a liquid if you increase the gravity to the maximum (in the simulator) and cool it down some so that it looks like this:

i-d59c5f73d4f1ab609b71b113f75ab52c-cold-liquid.jpg

Now what happens if I increase the energy? Each particle has more energy and the result is an expansion.

i-f737040d6e8ed227c52beb9e340720ae-hot-liquid.jpg

I am really not sure if this is a valid comparison, but maybe it is enough for you to get the idea. The PhET simulator is awesome, by the way.

So, what about water? One way to model the expansion of water (or anything, really) is:

i-73ece96e6128bcd403a9c2fda68e645a-volume-expansion.jpg

Where ? is the expansion coefficient, which is typically not constant with temperature. For the range of water temperature in this case, I will use (from hypertextbook.com)

i-352b47b150c4b3dd0783a9cf9097989b-beta-water.jpg

Great. Now I can find the change in volume of the pool, but I want the change in the water level. Suppose the pool were a rectangular cube with a bottom of area A and depth of d. The initial volume of this pool will be:

i-f4ad5482e0fb74754a35a2440176285e-volume-1.jpg

And then when the volume increases, the final volume would be:

i-60bfe4a60a7c96be231b1761b8812c65-car-b-frame-v-2.jpg

So, now I can re-write the thermal expansion stuff:

i-b57298a0bbf2ecfbd51aa2bd2d2b17b1-delta-d.jpg

The best thing is that the bottom area of the pool cancels. I did make a guess that I can use the average depth of the pool, I am pretty sure this is ok (if not, the depth doesn't change that much). At this point, I am ready to plug in some stuff. I will assume an average depth of 1.5 meters and a 7 C change in temperature, then:

i-39ca887532344431968fa8531a9a0a46-change-in-depth-answer.jpg

This is about 0.1 inches. So, yes. The water does expand when heated. 1/2 an inch change in the depth level seems a little high.

More like this

According to some estimates, if sea levels rose one meter, Boston would lose 3% of it’s land surface, Washington DC a mere 1%. Tampa and Miami would lose 18% and 15% respectively. New Orleans would lose 91%. A six meter rise would result in much larger losses. Norfolk, Virginia and Miami Florida…
The most talked-about physics paper last week was probably Negative Absolute Temperature for Motional Degrees of Freedom (that link goes to the paywalled journal; there's also a free arxiv preprint from which the above figure is taken). It's a catchy but easily misinterpreted title-- Negative…
Some months ago I made a (seemingly idle) threat to follow up my basic concepts posts on polar and non-polar molecules and intermolecular forces with a post on phase changes. Finally it's here! Since the discussion here will be leaning on a number of the concepts discusses in the earlier posts,…
I'm at the beach and it's hot. It's supposed to be that way at the beach. When I get overheated I head back to the unit, which is air conditioned, and I cool off. Actually, I don't. I stay the same temperature (body temperature), but that aside, it's no problem. But not everyone is so lucky and…