Squaric Acid (Strained acids)

Squaric acid is an unusually strong acid for an organic acid:

i-4395280d3e20e062bf80939344036c93-squaric-acid.gif

It's also unique because of its strained ring. In general, five- and six-membered rings dominate in chemistry - hence the endless parade of hexagons. Higher rings are tolerated but not-so-favored. Lower rings are possible, but, again, unfavored, because one tends to find atoms' electrons in clouds that don't overlap so well in this configuration. Along with some other moderately strong organic acids (such as the ubiquitous "alpha-hydroxy acids"), it's attracted some attention for (prescription) dermatological use.

More like this

Hmmm, people don't like being told not to leave certain comments. Thanks for the snark and corrections of the chemical formula. I am off banned drug-related entries for a long while again, they're just not worth the hassle, and there's plenty of worthy molecules out there. Sorry to anyone who felt…
The environment within a cell is actually rather reducing, this is evidenced by the free cysteine found in some proteins. Many proteins require a free cysteine to operate properly, and once they're outside the cell, they can easily become oxidized. Enzymologists have had to deal with this for some…
As we head into the Science Spring Showdown Sweet Sixteen, it seemed prudent to turn to some experts for their predictions on the two remaining games in the chemistry region, Acid vs. d-orbitals and Fossil fuels vs. Erlenmeyer flask. (Of course, we won't soon forget the exciting first and second…
"In three words I can sum up everything I've learned about life: it goes on." -Robert Frost Well, here we are, at the end of the week, and you know what that means: another Ask Ethan column! This week, I've been asked about the same thing by many different people, so I'll credit it to Patrick E.…

Oh boy oh boy oh boy! Acetylene dicarboxylic acid diperoxyesters, -OO-t-Bu, -OO-CF3, -OO-SiMe3, your choice. Frozen matrix then photolyze to get .C#C. (acetylene diradical) insulated by a CO2 on either end. Wouldn't that be the Big O for spectroscopists and organic theory scum? (C2 Swan band emissions in comet tails, (0,1)/563.5 nm, (0,0)/516.5 nm, (1,0)/473.7 nm, (2,0)/438.2 nm.) It's got to rehybridize when cold, but to what? Degeneracy = publishable.

Warm the matrix to get radical recombination and RO-C#C-OR. Acetylene diethers are trippy. But wait! Iodine trap half, get a [(pi)2a+(pi)2a] for the unsaturated four-membered ring (we are sooo naughty!). Hydrolyze, get squaric acid.

If you hurry the RFP and PO you can bootleg it over X-mas to New Years. Admittedly that first step is potentially explosive and acetylenedicarboxylates require some art to be made. Nasty for skin contact, too. Could it be more fun?