Hydrazine (Gabriel's toxic rocket fuel)

Hydrazine, H2N-NH2 is the nitrogen analogue of hydrogen peroxide:

It's useful in the Gabriel synthesis of amines via phthalimide (or saccharin, oddly, but I'm not sure if hydrazinolysis works as well here).

In contrast to peroxide, hydrazine is a potent reducing agent and finds use in rocket fuel! Just last week, they used a hydrazine on the space shuttle.

It's also quite toxic - the famous chemist Emil Fisher used it and suffered from its toxicity, apparently. A classic use of a hydrazine is the use of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to derivatize carbonyl compounds (to which it adds avidly). Much of the panic about alar was over its hydrazine moiety (and the possibility of hydrazine release upon decomposition).

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Don't forget its use in Maxam-Gilbert reactions. Two decades ago I spent most of my bench time running these reactions to sequence genes from negative strand RNA virus.

By DNA pixie (not verified) on 24 Aug 2007 #permalink

You can get some pretty good thrust out of the old H2O2 as well. T-stoff was a concentrated H2O2 solution. You can use it with a catalyst to generate stream and O2, or you can mix it with something for it to oxidize. The Me 163, for example, used T-stoff with C-stoff (methanol and today's molecule).