Secrets to longevity

A new article published in Physiological Reviews compared some remarkable similarities and differences between naked mole rats and humans. Both are relatively long-lived, highly social and have low natural selection pressures. But, this is about all they have in common. While humans are prone to developing age-related cancer, diabetes, heart disease and dementias, naked mole rats are rather resistant to these diseases. Instead, naked mole rats appear to maintain a youthful state throughout their long lives of 30+ years, compared to a mere 3 years for a mouse. To top it off, they do not develop age-related wrinkles and they can continue to procreate throughout their lifespan.

Naked mole rats are not without complications associated with aging as they can show signs of muscle wasting and reduced fat under the skin. The underground life and highly social nature of these animals offers them the protection of a large number of subordinates, which reduces mortality rates and natural selection pressures.

FIGURE 3. Young (left) and 30-year old (right) naked mole rats. Image from Skulachev et al., 2017.

For many mammals oxidative stress increases with age and further promotes aging by damaging cells. As naked mole rats are resistant to oxidative stress, antioxidants are thought to help slow down aging.

The authors argue that humans have likewise maintained prolonged youth compared to the great apes. To maintain this youth, other structures and functions have been delayed or underdeveloped. For example, like naked mole rats, humans have sacrificed hair, large body size and the muscle strength found in the great apes. Age-related mortality rates are also low for young humans. In contrast, signs of age-related mortality are evident earlier in the development of chimpanzees. Moreover, the human brain (like a naked mole rat) exhibits delayed expression of certain genes and has prolonged growth allowing for complex problem solving.

Source:

VP Skulachev, S Holtze, MY Vyssokikh, LE Bakeeva, MV Skulachev, AV Markov, TB Hildebrandt, VA Sadovnichii. Neoteny, Prolongation of Youth: From Naked Mole Rats to “Naked Apes” (Humans). 

More like this

Image of a naked mole rat from www.animals.sandiegozoo.org The naked mole rat is the longest lived rodent species (>31 years). Unlike most mammals, they seem resistant to many age-associated ailments until much later in life, making them an exciting model of healthy aging. They are also…
I see that I was the only one answering this week's Ask The ScienceBlogger question (so far). Perhaps these two new studies will inspire some of my SciBlings to add their own thoughts: Everybody Dance: The Energy You Use Won't Shorten Your Life: The theory that animals die when they've expended…
Estradiol is the major estrogen in humans. Chemical structure by NEUROtiker (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons I came across an article published in Physiological Reviews with a title so irresistible (Estrogens in Male Physiology), I just had to read it. While I knew that males…
Highlights from Day 3! The costs of being a father? Image of a California mouse By Whatiguana - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Jacob Andrew et al. from the University of California - Riverside presented a poster examining the long-term effects of fatherhood in California mice (…

A huge aspect missing from this news item is that the longevity of the NM rat seems to have been achieved at the cost of sex. Only the queen and a few of her male cohorts get to have sex, everyone else is left without. This will not be acceptable to most humans!

By Milind Padki (not verified) on 27 Mar 2017 #permalink

I love naked mole rats.

I love gnarly rodents!!!!

By Emily Willingham (not verified) on 06 Apr 2017 #permalink

I didnot understand all Of the content ,but still learn a lot things about physicology.

Hey Joanna, if you're trying to understand longevity, aging, and the science behind it, we have a few articles on that written by our scientists at http://longlonglife.org

By Long Long Life (not verified) on 11 May 2017 #permalink

All good

By Kirk Morgan (not verified) on 14 May 2017 #permalink